Association between anxiety-depression status and psychological resilience in patients with Parkinson’s disease: A risk factor analysis

Table 1 Anxiety and depression status in Parkinson's disease patients, n (%)

Indicators	Normal	Mild	Moderate	Severe
BAI (points)	22.05 ± 10.52
	23 (12.23)	53 (28.19)	62 (32.98)	50 (26.60)
GDS (points)	15.81 ± 5.49
	34 (18.09)	114 (60.64)	40 (21.28)

BAI: Beck Anxiety Inventory; GDS: Geriatric depression scale.

Table 2 Psychological resilience in Parkinson's disease patients

Indicators	Low resilience	Moderate resilience	High resilience
CD-RISC (points)	51.03 ± 9.32
	80 (42.55)	107 (56.91)	1 (0.53)
Tenacity (score)	27.44 ± 7.04
Strength (score)	16.42 ± 5.36
Optimism (score)	7.16 ± 2.75

CD-RISC: Connor-Davidson resilience scale.

Table 3 Univariate analysis of factors associated with psychological resilience in Parkinson's disease patients, n (%)

Factors	n	Low resilience group (n = 80)	High resilience group (n = 108)	χ2	P value
Gender				0.598	0.439
Male	121	54 (67.50)	67 (62.04)
Female	67	26 (32.50)	41 (37.96)
Age (years)				1.933	0.164
60-69	105	40 (50.00)	65 (60.19)
≥ 70	83	40 (50.00)	43 (39.81)
Disease duration (years)				5.058	0.025
< 5	86	29 (36.25)	57 (52.78)
≥ 5	102	51 (63.75)	51 (47.22)
H&Y stage				5.636	0.018
Early stage	108	38 (47.50)	70 (64.81)
Advanced stage	80	42 (52.50)	38 (35.19)
Number of comorbidities				7.085	0.029
0	65	22 (27.50)	43 (39.81)
1	77	31 (38.75)	46 (42.59)
≥ 2	46	27 (33.75)	19 (17.59)
Marital status				0.038	0.846
Married	140	59 (73.75)	81 (75.00)
Unmarried/divorced/widowed	48	21 (26.25)	27 (25.00)
Gross monthly household income (yuan)				4.339	0.037
< 4000	113	55 (68.75)	58 (53.70)
≥ 4000	75	25 (31.25)	50 (46.30)
Educational attainment				7.955	0.005
< Senior high school	107	55 (68.75)	52 (48.15)
≥ Senior high school	81	25 (31.25)	56 (51.85)
BAI (points)				6.004	0.014
< 22	90	30 (37.50)	60 (55.56)
≥ 22	98	50 (62.50)	48 (44.44)
GDS (points)				4.644	0.031
< 16	90	31 (38.75)	59 (54.63)
≥ 16	98	49 (61.25)	49 (45.37)

H&Y: Hoehn & Yahr Staging System; CD-RISC: Connor-Davidson resilience scale; BAI: Beck Anxiety Inventory; GDS: Geriatric depression scale.

Table 4 Variable assignments

Factors	Variable	Assignment
CD-RISC (points)	Y	≥ 50 = 0, < 50 = 1
Disease duration (years)	X1	< 5 = 0, ≥ 5 = 1
H&Y stage	X2	Early stage = 0, advanced stage = 1
Number of comorbidities	X3	0 = 0, 1 = 1, ≥ 2 = 2
Gross monthly household income	X4	< 4000 = 0, ≥ 4000 = 1
Educational attainment	X5	< senior high school = 0, ≥ senior high school = 1
BAI (points)	X6	< 22 = 0, ≥ 22 = 1
GDS (points)	X7	< 16 = 0, ≥ 16 = 1

H&Y: Hoehn & Yahr Staging System; CD-RISC: Connor-Davidson resilience scale; BAI: Beck Anxiety Inventory; GDS: Geriatric depression scale.

Table 5 Binary logistic regression analysis of predictors of psychological resilience

Factors	β	SE	Wald	P value	Exp (β)	95%CI
						Lower bound	Upper bound
Disease duration (years)	0.597	0.338	3.123	0.077	1.817	0.937	3.523
H&Y stage	0.782	0.340	5.282	0.022	2.187	1.122	4.261
Number of comorbidities	0.518	0.223	5.411	0.020	1.679	1.085	2.598
Gross monthly household income	-0.927	0.356	6.800	0.009	0.396	0.197	0.794
Educational attainment	-0.972	0.344	7.995	0.005	0.378	0.193	0.742
BAI (points)	0.722	0.335	4.635	0.031	2.059	1.067	3.973
GDS (points)	0.804	0.338	5.664	0.017	2.234	1.152	4.330

H&Y: Hoehn & Yahr Staging System; BAI: Beck Anxiety Inventory; GDS: Geriatric depression scale.