Immediate secondary rhinoplasty using a folded dermofat graft for resolving complications related to silicone implants: A case report

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Various surgical techniques have been developed to enhance the nose shapes of Asian patients. Silicone implant augmentation rhinoplasty is widely used because it is relatively easy to perform and often yields satisfactory outcomes. However, this technique may lead to complications, including ischemia, necrosis, and over-augmentation. The most appropriate management of these complications, including infection, is immediate implant removal and revision surgery once the accompanying inflammation has healed. Occasionally, the patient may experience distress from nasal deformities during the intervention period.

CASE SUMMARY

Herein, we describe the case of a patient who underwent a secondary dorsal augmentation, with a folded dermofat graft harvested from the inguinal area and simultaneous implant removal, successfully preventing dimpling of the nasal deformity.

CONCLUSION

This surgical method can effectively manage implant-related complications following augmentation rhinoplasty using a silicone implant and provide satisfactory patient outcomes.

Key Words: Complications, Nose deformities, Acquired, Rhinoplasty, Dermofat, Surgery, Plastic, Case report

Core Tip: This case report presents noteworthy findings, as we introduce an innovative secondary rhinoplasty technique using a folded dermofat graft to address complications arising from silicone implant augmentation rhinoplasty. This procedure successfully maintained the nasal contour without complications after silicone implant augmentation rhinoplasty. This approach enhances patient satisfaction and provides a valuable solution to challenges associated with traditional methods, making it a promising option in managing complications following augmentation rhinoplasty.

INTRODUCTION

Various surgical techniques have been developed in Asia to reshape flat, blunt noses into more desired shapes[1,2]. Among these, implant augmentation rhinoplasty has been widely used because it is simple to perform and can produce a wide range of alternative nose shapes[3]. However, this technique can also cause severe complications that require implant removal[4,5]. Correcting a nasal dimpling deformity that occurs following implant removal is challenging when the second procedure is performed following delays owing to complications. Herein, we present an immediate secondary rhinoplasty technique that minimizes dimpling in nasal deformities using a folded dermofat graft harvested from the inguinal area.

CASE PRESENTATION

Chief complaints

The patient complained of pain and discomfort in the nose.

History of present illness

Forty months after the surgery, the dorsum of the nose became erythematous and slightly inflamed, likely caused by excess pressure from the implant.

History of past illness

A 34-year-old woman without any underlying diseases underwent closed reduction of the nasal bone for a nasal bone fracture and simultaneous augmentation rhinoplasty with a silicone implant.

Personal and family history

The patient had no significant past medical history or family history.

Physical examination

Upon admission, the contour of the implant became more conspicuous as the skin at the tip of the nose became thinner (Figure 1).

Figure 1 Photograph taken before the secondary rhinoplasty, 40 months after the initial rhinoplasty. A: Lateral view; B: Worm’s eye view. The skin at the tip of the nose had become thinner, contracture had occurred, and the outline of the implant was visible.

Laboratory examinations

All results, including white blood cell count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and C-reactive protein level, were within the normal range.

Imaging examinations

Not applicable.

FINAL DIAGNOSIS

Nasal tip retraction with inflammation after augmentation rhinoplasty using a silicone implant.

TREATMENT

We highly suspected an infection and a contracture and decided to remove the implant. We scheduled an immediate secondary rhinoplasty using a folded dermofat graft harvested from the inguinal area to replace the original implant.

The distance from the nasal root to the nasal tip was 4.7 cm, and a graft double this length was designed for the folded dermofat graft. Using a transcolumellar approach, the implant was exposed by dissecting the cartilage and bone below the cartilaginous plane. The implant and adherent scar tissue were fully removed. The dermofat was harvested from the left inguinal area (approximately 1.0 cm × 9.5 cm) and folded using a 3-0 polydioxanone suture. The folded graft was inserted into the pocket of the nasal dorsum and fixed transcutaneously to the nasal root using a bolster suture (Figure 2). To prevent postoperative infection, a second-generation cephalosporin antibiotic was administered intravenously during the hospital stay for 2 d, followed by a 1-wk course of an oral first-generation cephalosporin antibiotic upon discharge. The columella and bolster stitches were removed on the 5^th postoperative day, and those of the intranasal and donor sites were removed on the 12^th postoperative day. The wound healed without any complications. Seven months later, the patient presented to our outpatient clinic. The shape of the nose was satisfactory, and no complications were noted (Figure 3).

Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the procedure. The dermofat graft was folded in half, with the fat layer on the inside and the dermal layer facing outward. The folded graft was inserted into the pocket of the nasal dorsum and fixed transcutaneously on the nasal root using a bolster suture.

Figure 3 Photograph taken seven months after the secondary rhinoplasty. A: Lateral view; B: Worm’s eye view. Despite removing the implant, the nasal height was not significantly depressed and severe deformity did not occur as the contracture at the nasal tip was corrected.

OUTCOME AND FOLLOW-UP

Seven months later, the shape of the nose was satisfactory without any complications.

DISCUSSION

The nose of an Asian person is characterized by a limited projection of the nasal tip and an ala that is wider than the height of the nose[6]. Rhinoplasty is frequently performed on this nose type. Augmentation rhinoplasty is performed to increase the length and height of the dorsal and tip projections of the nose[2]. Augmentation rhinoplasty with silicone implants is the most widely performed procedure of this type because it helps achieve aesthetic goals for nose shapes relatively easily[3]. However, this surgery can sometimes result in complications, such as implant migration, contour irregularity, implant deviation, infection, extrusion, contracture, and skin lesions[4,5]. In particular, thinning of the skin due to foreign body reactions, scarring, and encapsulation around the implant may result in skin contracture, visibility of the contour of the implant, and even extrusion in severe cases[7].

In cases of complications accompanied by infection, the implant must be removed. However, determining the time for revision rhinoplasty can be challenging. A secondary rhinoplasty is recommended several months after implant removal after signs of infection are absent[8]. However, correction can be complex if dimpled nasal deformities, including excessive collapse and contracture, occur following implant removal. In the interim period, patients must tolerate this deformity and may experience psychological discomfort before undergoing a secondary rhinoplasty. Therefore, removing the implant and performing a secondary rhinoplasty concurrently is ideal.

Dermofat grafts have several advantages. For example, the autologous augmentation material comprises a full-thickness dermis and subcutaneous tissues. Since dermofat grafts are autologous tissues, they are relatively more susceptible to infection and foreign body reactions than other implant materials. The degree of volume maintenance at the surgical site may decrease over time. Depending on the location of the donor site, differences may occur between the thickness and fat density of the dermis[9,10]. In this study, we addressed these shortcomings using the “folded” dermofat method, which involves folding the collected dermofat in half. In general, the gluteal fold is the preferred donor site because of the presence of dense fat and a thick dermis[10,11]. However, the operative time may be prolonged when using this approach because the patient must be repositioned during the surgery. In addition to a longer surgical time, the cost burden to the patient is increased owing to the need for a longer duration of general anesthesia, and the patient may experience additional discomfort. The resultant scars can also be conspicuous if the patient wears a bikini. Because this part of the body continuously bears weight while sitting, wound healing can be slow and the incidence of complications, such as wound dehiscence, is high. When a dermofat graft is performed using the gluteal fold as the donor site, patients often complain of a blunt protruding nose because the dermis is excessively thick. For this procedure, we chose the inguinal area. Relatively large grafts can be obtained from this region, owing to the laxity of the skin, which makes it easier to create a more natural shape. Harvesting and grafting of dermofat can also be performed concurrently with the patient in the supine position, resulting in a very short operative time and high patient satisfaction. Because the dermis of the inguinal area is relatively thin[9], we were able to secure a satisfactory outcome with a sufficient nose height using this approach.

CONCLUSION

The folded dermofat graft method can be used to effectively manage implant complications following augmentation rhinoplasty with a silicone implant. In our case, a high level of patient satisfaction was achieved using this method.