Published online Aug 26, 2022. doi: 10.12998/wjcc.v10.i24.8443
Peer-review started: February 9, 2022
First decision: April 28, 2022
Revised: May 9, 2022
Accepted: July 22, 2022
Article in press: July 22, 2022
Published online: August 26, 2022
Core Tip: Tsukamurella species are obligate aerobic, gram-positive, weak acid-fast, nonmotile bacilli that are found in various environments, including soil, water, and sludge. In 2016, there was a reclassification of species within the genus Tsukamurella, merging the species Tsukamurella tyrosinosolvens (T. tyrosinosolvens) and Tsukamurella carboxydivorans. To date, human infections are very rare, and reported infections include pneumonia, brain abscesses, catheter-related bloodstream infections, ocular infections, and bacteremia in patients who are immunocompromised. The golden standards for diagnosis and optimal management still remain to be determined. Immunocompromised patients often experience severe cases due to infection, and life-threatening T. tyrosinosolvens events associated with dissemination and/or failure of source control have occurred. Favorable prognoses can be achieved through earlier identification of the cause of infection, as well as successful management, including appropriate antibiotic therapy together with source control. Further analyses of similar cases are required to establish the most adequate diagnostic methods and treatment regimens for infections.