Association between admission hemoglobin level and prognosis in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Figure 1 Distribution of hemoglobin levels in the study sample.

Figure 2 Estimated hazard ratio for the composite endpoint associated with hemoglobin in different models. Model 1: Demographic factors (age, gender, and body mass index); model 2: Demographic factors and traditional renal function risk factors (baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate, history of hypertension, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, 24-h urinary protein, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and/or angiotensin receptor blockers use, and albumin); model 3: Demographic factors, traditional risk factors, and lipids (total cholesterol and triglycerides); model 4: Demographic factors, traditional risk factors, lipids, and glycaemia control (duration of diabetes, fasting glycaemia, and glycosylated hemoglobin). HR: Hazard ratio; CI: Confidence interval.

Figure 3 A U-shaped relationship was observed between hemoglobin levels and the composite endpoint. The curve tended to reach the lowest level at an optimal hemoglobin level (approximately 13.3 g/dL). The red line denotes fitted curves, and the blue lines represent 95%CI for the association between hemoglobin levels and the composite endpoint. Adjusted for (model 4): Age, gender, body mass index, baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate, history of hypertension, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, 24 h urinary protein, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and/or angiotensin receptor blockers use, albumin, total cholesterol, triglycerides, duration of diabetes, fasting glycaemia, and glycosylated hemoglobin.

Figure 4 Kaplan–Meier curves according to hemoglobin tertiles.

Figure 5 Subgroup analysis of hemoglobin and the composite endpoint. Adjusted for the baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, 24-h urinary protein, albumin, total cholesterol, triglycerides, duration of diabetes, fasting glycaemia, and glycosylated hemoglobin. BMI: Body mass index; ACEI: Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors; ARB: Angiotensin receptor blockers; HR: Hazard ratios.