Effect of liver regeneration on malignant hepatic tumors

Table 2 Sum-up of signal pathways in hepatocellular carcinoma

Signaling pathways		Cell survival	Cell proliferation	Cell differentiation	Cell migration	Angiogenesis
Receptor tyrosine kinase signaling pathways	HGF/c-MET	√	√		√	√
	EGF(TGF-α)/EGFR	√	√
	IGF/IGFR	√	√		√
	VEGF/VEGFR					√
	PDGF/PDGFR					√
	TGF-β1/SMAD			√	√
Intercellular kinase signaling pathways	RAF/MEK/ERK	√	√	√		√
	PI3K/AKT/mTOR	√	√			√
	Wnt/β-catenin	√	√	√		√
	Hedgehog		√	√	√
	NK-κB, JAK/STAT3	√	√	√	√	√

HGF: Hepatocyte growth factor; EGF: Epidermal growth factor; TGF-α: Transforming growth factor alpha; IGF: Insulin-like growth factor; VEGF: Vascular endothelial growth factor; PDGF: Plate differentiation growth factor receptor; TGF-β: Transforming growth factor beta.