Review
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World J Gastroenterol. Nov 21, 2014; 20(43): 16167-16177
Published online Nov 21, 2014. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i43.16167
Effect of liver regeneration on malignant hepatic tumors
Ji-Hua Shi, Pål-Dag Line
Ji-Hua Shi, Pål-Dag Line, Department of Transplantation Medicine, Institute for Surgical Research, Oslo University Hospital, Postboks 4950, Nydalen 0424, Oslo, Norway
Author contributions: Shi JH and Line PD contributed equally to this work; Shi JH and Line PD designed the review and performed the literature review; Shi JH wrote the manuscript; Line PD provided substantive revisions; all authors approved the final version of the manuscript.
Correspondence to: Pål-Dag Line, MD, PhD, FEBS (Tx), Chairman, Department of Transplantation Medicine, Institute for Surgical Research, Oslo University Hospital, Postboks 4950, Nydalen 0424, Oslo, Norway. p.d.line@medisin.uio.no
Telephone: +47-23-070509 Fax: +47-23-070510
Received: March 3, 2014
Revised: May 5, 2014
Accepted: June 21, 2014
Published online: November 21, 2014
Processing time: 262 Days and 3.8 Hours
Abstract

Liver regeneration after major surgery may activate occult micrometastases and facilitate tumor growth, leading to liver tumor recurrence. Molecular changes during liver regeneration can provide a microenvironment that stimulates intrahepatic tumor propagation through alterations in cellular signaling pathways, where activation and proliferation of mature hepatocytes, hepatic progenitor cells, non-parenchymal liver cells might favor both liver regeneration and tumor growth. This review highlights recent advances of tumor growth and development in the regenerating liver, possible mechanisms and clinical implications.

Keywords: Hepatocellular carcinoma; Colorectal cancer; Recurrence; Liver regeneration; Hepatic progenitor cell; Epithelial to mesenchymal transition

Core tip: The liver has a unique capacity for regeneration after cellular damage or partial removal of tissue, and modern liver surgery relies on this property. Liver regeneration is a complex process involving a large array of growth factors, cytokines and cells to restore hepatic mass and function. Experimental and clinical data indicate that the regeneration signals facilitate the growth of both primary and secondary liver tumors and can alter their malignant potential. This is an important mechanism underlying recurrence after liver surgery. New therapeutic strategies founded on better insight into the relationship between liver regeneration and tumor biology are needed.