Case Report
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2020.
World J Clin Cases. Oct 6, 2020; 8(19): 4633-4643
Published online Oct 6, 2020. doi: 10.12998/wjcc.v8.i19.4633
Table 1 Basic characteristics and manifestations of reviewed solitary hepatic lymphangioma
No.Ref.YearAgeSexManifestation
1Kohashi et al[32]201750 yrFEpigastric discomfort
2Lee et al[14]201642 yrFRight upper abdominal pain
3Zouari et al[21]20158 moMAbdominal distention
4Nakano et al[19]201518 yrFEpigastric pain
5Liu et al[22]201441 yrMRight upper abdominal pain
6Zhang et al[4]201342 yrFNone
7Nazarewski et al[10]201341 yrFNone
8Peña Ros et al[17]201320 yrFAbdominal pain
9Ak et al[18]201258 yrFWeight loss
10Huang et al[23]201035 yrMRight upper abdominal pain
11Matsumoto et al[1]201052 yrFUpper abdominal pain
12Shahi et al[24]200922 dMAbdominal distension
13Zeidan et al[25]200823 yrMAbdominal pain or vomiting
14Stunell et al[36]200930 yrFRight upper quadrant pain
15Nzegwu et al[26]20074 moMAbdominal distension
16Chan et al[28]200515 yrFUpper abdominal pain
17Koh et al[29]20006 moMAbdominal girth
18Stavropoulos et al[20]199464 yrMEpigastric pain
19Clerici et al[27]1989NDFND
ND: Not described.
Table 2 Imaging of reviewed solitary hepatic lymphangioma
No.UltrasoundCTMRI
1Low-echoic, unilocular cystic massLow density, non-enhancementND
2Mixed-echoic, mass with cystic and solid componentsLow density, non-enhancementND
3Unilocular cystic massLow density, non-enhancementND
4Mixed-echoic, mass with cystic and solid componentsLow density, non-enhancementMixed signal
5Mixed-echoic, mass with cystic and solid componentsLow density, heterogeneous enhancementND
6Mixed-echoic, mass with cystic and solid componentsLow density, non-enhancement for cystic region, enhancement for septaND
7Non-echoic, multilocular cystic massLow density, non-enhancement for cystic region, enhancement for septaEnhancement for septa on T1
8NDLow density, non-enhancementND
9NDLow density, non-enhancement for cystic region, enhancement for septaLow signal on T1, high signal on T2
10Non-echoic, multilocular cystic massHeterogeneous densityMixed signal on T2
11Mixed-echoic, mass with cystic and solid componentsLow density, non-enhancement for cystic region, enhancement for septaLow signal on T1, high signal on T2
12Unilocular cystic massLow densityND
13Multilocular cystic massNDLow signal, enhancement for septa on T1
14Non-echoic, multilocular cystic massLow density, non-enhancement for cystic region, enhancement for septaND
15Multilocular cystic massNDND
16NDLow density, non-enhancement for cystic region, enhancement for septaND
17Multilocular cystic massLow densityND
18Mixed-echoic, mass with cystic and solid componentsLow densityND
19Unilocular cystic massLow densityND
CT: Computed tomography; MRI: Magnetic resonance imaging; ND: Not described.
Table 3 Initial diagnosis and surgical findings of reviewed cases
No.Initial diagnosisLocationNumberSize in cmTextureType of surgery
1Hepatic cystHepatoduodenal ligament113 × 10Unilocular cyst with serous fluidLPR/CR
2Hepatic cystadenoma/cystadenocarcinomaSegments 7 and 8123 × 30Multilocular cyst with bloody fluidCR
3NDRight lobe114.9 × 10.7 × 9.7Unilocular cystCR
4Rupture of a hepatic tumorLeft lobe112.0 × 9.5Multilocular cyst with blood clotCR
5Bile duct cyst/biliary cystadenoma/cystadenocarcinoma/hydatid cystSegment 2116.2 × 13.0 × 4.3Multilocular cyst with serous fluidCR
6Hepatic hemangioma/cystadenocarcinomaRight lobe123 × 15 × 7Multilocular cyst with brownish fluidCR
7Hepatic cystGallbladder and hepatoduodenal ligament113.0 × 5.5 × 6.5Multilocular cyst with serous fluidCR
8NDSegment 5115 × 9Unilocular cystCR
9Liver malignancySegment 513.0 × 2.2 × 1.5Multilocular cyst with mucoid fluidCR
10Cystadenoma/cystadenocarcinoma/hepatic cyst with bleedingSegments 4, 5, 6, 7, 8125 × 23Multilocular cyst with blood clotCR
11Sclerosing hemangioma/biliary cystadenoma/cystadenocarcinomaSegment 413Multilocular cyst with mucoid fluid and solid contentCR
12UncertaintyRight lobe19.6 × 8.0 × 13.0Unilocular cyst with yellowish fluidCR
13NDRight lobe112.6 × 9.4 × 11.5Multilocular cyst with serous fluidCR
14Hepatic cystGallbladder115.2 × 9.4Multilocular cyst with serous fluidCR
15Hepatic cystRight lobe1NDMultilocular cyst with serous fluidCR
16Hepatic lymphangiomaSegments 4 5, 6121 × 20 × 6Multilocular cyst with brownish fluidCR
17Lymphangioma/mesenteric cystSegment 4120 × 14Multilocular cystCR
18UncertaintySegment 314Sponge-like cyst with chylous fluid and bloodCR
19Hydatid cystND1NDCysticResection
CR: Complete resection; LPR: Laparoscopic partial resection; ND: Not described.
Table 4 Histology and follow-up of reviewed solitary hepatic lymphangioma
No.HistologyVWFCD-31CD-34D2-40LYVE-1Prox-1Discharged in dFollow-up in moPrognosis
1Cystic lymphangiomaNDND-+NDNDND24Alive/disease free
2Cystic lymphangiomaND+NDNDNDND1018Alive/disease free
3Cystic lymphangiomaNDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDND
4Cystic lymphangiomaND+ND+NDND848Alive/disease free
5Cystic lymphangiomaNDND-NDNDNDND30Alive/disease free
6Cystic lymphangiomaNDND+-NDNDND24Alive/disease free
7Cystic lymphangiomaNDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDAlive/disease free
8Cystic lymphangiomaNDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDND
9Cavernous lymphangiomaNDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDND
10Cystic lymphangiomaNDNDNDNDNDNDND17Alive/disease free
11Cystic lymphangioma-+++++ND6Alive/disease free
12Cystic lymphangiomaNDNDNDNDNDND51Alive/disease free
13Cystic lymphangiomaNDNDNDNDNDNDND24Alive/disease free
14Cystic lymphangiomaND+NDNDNDND4NDND
15Cystic lymphangiomaNDNDNDNDNDNDND4Alive/disease free
16Cystic lymphangiomaNDNDNDNDNDNDND18Alive/disease free
17Cystic lymphangiomaNDNDNDNDNDNDND3Alive/disease free
18Cavernous lymphangiomaNDNDNDNDNDND724Alive/disease free
19Cystic lymphangiomaNDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDND
-: Negative; +: Positive. ND: Not described; VWF: Von Willebrand factor.