Mycoplasma hominis meningitis after operative neurosurgery: A case report and review of literature

Table 1 A review of the literature on intracranial infection with Mycoplasma hominis in adults

Ref.	Year published	Country	Sex	Age (yr)	History	Preoperative diagnosis	Risk factors	Clinical symptoms	DM	Specimens	IM	Antibiotics used after diagnosis	Outcomes
Paine et al[15]	1950	USA	M	20	No	Eyeball trauma	Head trauma	Fever, headache, neck stiffness	C	P	BA	St	Cure
Payan et al[16]	1981	USA	M	29	No	Subdural hematoma, brain contusion	Motor vehicle accident	Fever, disturbance of consciousness	C	P	BA	Te+Er	Cure
McMahon et al[17]	1990	USA	M	76	Hypertension	Subarachnoid hemorrhage	Urethral catheterization	Fever, disturbance of consciousness	C	CSF	Meningitis	-	Death
Kersten et al[18]	1995	USA	M	20	No	Eye contusion, hematoma of frontotemporal lobe	Motor vehicle accident, head trauma, hormone therapy	Fever, right eye swelling	C	P	Right eye abscess, BA	Dox + Cli	Cure
Zheng et al[19]	1997	USA	F	22	No	Right frontal lobe cerebral hemorrhage	Vaginal delivery	Fever, left-sided weakness	ELISA	P	BA	-	Cure
Cohen et al[20]	1997	USA	F	18	No	Subdural hemorrhage, ventricular hemorrhage	Motor vehicle accident	Fever	C	CSF	Meningitis	Dox + Cip + Ery	Cure
House et al[21]	2003	USA	F	40	No	Cavernous hemangioma of the right frontal lobe	Perineal ulcers	Fever, nausea, limb dysfunction	C + NGS	P	BA	Cip + Met	Cure
Kupila et al[7]	2006	Finland	M	40	No	Scalp laceration	Head trauma, cystoscopy, catheterization	Disturbance of consciousness	NGS	P	BA	Te	Cure
McCarthy et al[22]	2008	Australia	M	48	No	Intracranial colloid cyst	Surgical infection	Fever, disturbance of consciousness	NGS + C	Subdural empyema, bone flap	BA	Gat	Cure
Al Masalma et al[23]	2011	USA	F	41	No	Spontaneous abortion	Dilatation and curettage	Disturbance of consciousness	NGS	P	BA	Dox	Cure
Lee et al[24]	2012	Netherlands	F	48	No	Subarachnoid hemorrhage	Ventricular drainage tube	Fever	NGS + C	CSF	Meningitis	Mox	Cure
Sato et al[25]	2012	Japan	M	26	Hypogammaglobulinemia	Arthritis	Hypogammaglobulinemia	Joint swelling and pain, headache	C+NGS	CSF, joint effusion, blood	Meningitis	-	Death
Henao-Martínez et al[26]	2012	USA	M	40	No	Right subdural hematoma, subarachnoid hemorrhage, cerebral contusion	Head trauma	Fever	C+NGS	Brain debridement tissue	BA	Dox	Cure
Pailhoriès et al[27]	2014	France	M	43	Chronic alcoholism, TIA, epilepsy	Subdural hematoma, left frontal hematoma	Head trauma, urethral catheterization	Fever	MALDI-TOF MS、NGS	Electrodes, P	BA	Lev + Dox	Cure
Hos et al[28]	2015	Germany	F	21	No	Spinal abscess	Vaginal delivery, epidural blood tape therapy	Fever, neck pain, vomiting	NGS+C	CSF	SA	Mox	Cure
Zhou et al[29]	2016	China	M	79	Hypertension	Cerebral hemorrhage	Urethral catheterization	Fever, disturbance of consciousness, right-sided weakness	NGS	CSF	Meningitis	Azi + Dox + Min	Cure
Reissier et al[30]	2016	France	M	39	Hypertension, chronic alcoholism	Subarachnoid hemorrhage	Cystostomy	Disturbance of consciousness, fever	C, real-time PCR	CSF	Meningitis, hydrocephalus	Mox	Death
Parsonson et al[31]	2016	Australia	F	30	Polycystic ovary syndrome, depression, obesity	Lumbar disc herniation	Repeated operations	Festering wounds	NGS	P	SA	Mox	Cure
Bergin et al[32]	2017	Singapore	M	57	No	Arteriovenous malformation with hemorrhage	Urethral catheterization	Fever	NGS	Surgical specimens	BA	Dox	Cure

DM: Diagnosis method; IM: Infection manifestations; St: Streptomycin; Te: Tetracycline; Er: Erythromycin; Dox: Doxycycline; Cli: Clindamycin; Cip: Ciprofloxacin; Ery: Erythromycin; Met: Metronidazole; Gat: Gatifloxacin; Lev: Levofloxacin; Mox: Moxifloxacin; Azi: Azithromycin; Min: Minocycline; C: Culture; P: Pus; CSF: Cerebrospinal fluid; BA: Brain abscess; SA: Spinal abscess.