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Copyright ©The Author(s) 2022.
World J Clin Cases. Aug 26, 2022; 10(24): 8474-8481
Published online Aug 26, 2022. doi: 10.12998/wjcc.v10.i24.8474
Table 1 List of 14-criteria divided into major and minor criteria to be consider when evaluating the need for performing a lateral tenodesis or anterolateral ligament reconstruction procedures
Major CriteriaMinor Criteria
ACL revision; pivot shift grade IIIpivot sports; competitive athlete or “elite”; age: ≤ 25 yr oldHyperlaxity/recurvatum ≥ 10°; KT-1000 ≥ 8 mm side-side difference; instability ≥ 6 mo; medial meniscectomy and/or lateral meniscus root lesion; contralateral knee instability; Bmi ≥ 30; tibial plateau slope ≥ 10°; severe anterior tibial translation; presence of a ‘‘lateral femoral notch sign’’ or an impaction of the lateral femoral condyle[39]; segond fracture
Table 2 Anterolateral ligament reconstruction techniques
Ref.
Graft
Direction
Fixation site
Fixation angle
Graft fixation
Grassi et al[43]ITBDeep to the LCLProximal and posterior to the lateral femoral epicondyleNeutral rotation/0°-90° Interference screw
Mahmoud et al[47]ITBDeep to the LCL and then passed through the lateral distal intermuscular septum from posterior to anterior and adjacent to the femur-Neutral rotation/around 50° flexionITB is sutured to itself at physiological tension
Arnold et al[48]ITBUnder the LCL and the Popliteus tendon-External rotation/90°-100°Sutured with periosteal stitches to GT
Porter et al[49]ITBAround the proximal LCLPosterior to the Gerdy tubercleNeutral rotation/35°Interference screw
Losee et al[50]ITBDeep to the LCLThe femoral tunnel originated at the attachment point of the lateral gastrocnemius and ended antero-distal to the LCL femoral insertion siteExternal rotation/30°Sutured at the Gerdy tubercle
Dejour et al[42]ITBOver the LCLAnterior to the junction of the femoral shaft and lateral femoral condyleExternal rotation/30°1 Cancellous screws
Ellison et al[51]ITBDeep to the LCLSlightly anterior to its original harvest site at the Gerdy tubercleExternal rotation/90°Interference screw
Lee et al[52]AllograftOver the LCLFemur: Proximal and posterior to the lateral femoral epicondyle/Tibia: Between the fibular head and Gerdy tubercle at approximately 10 mm below the joint lineNeutral rotation/30° 2 Interferences screws1
Sonnery-Cottet et al[41]Gracillis (ACL and ALL)Single femoral tunnel/graft is routed deep to the iliotibial band from the femur to the tibia, shuttled through a tibial bony tunnel and back proximally to the femurProximal and posterior to the lateral femoral epicondyleNeutral rotation/extensionFixed to the ACL graft
Dejour et al[42]Double hamstrings (ACL and ALL)Over-the-topProximal and posterior to the lateral femoral epicondyle90Stapples