Subcutaneous infection caused by Mycobacterium abscessus following cosmetic injections of botulinum toxin: A case report

Table 1 Patients’ information statistics for subcutaneous infection caused by nontuberculous mycobacteria following cosmetic procedures

No	Ref.	Sex/Age (yr)	Duration after injection (mo/wk/d)	Skin symptoms	Site of infection	Culture	Treatment and course	Outcome
P1	The present case	F/53	Botulinum toxin (1.5 mo)	Erythematousnodules	Cheek, forehead	M. abscessus	Clarithromycin, moxifloxacin, amikacin 2/d (7 mo)	Cure
P2	Chen et al[2]	F/32	Botulinum toxin (2 mo)	Nodules and abscesses	Forehead and periorbial areas	M. abscessus	Clarithromycin 250 mg 2/d, rifampicin 450 mg 1/d, and ethambutol 250 mg 3/d (3 mo)	Cure
P3	Chen et al[2]	F/34	Botulinum toxin (10 d)	Painful papules and nodules	Lower jaw, malar, and temple regions	M. abscessus	Clarithromycin 250 mg 2/d, rifampicin 450 mg 1/d (6 mo)	Cure
P4	Mello et al[3]	F/28	Sunflower oil, deoxycholate, sinetrol, and caffeine subcutaneous application (4 wk)	Pain and erythema	Abdomen and flanks	M. lentiflavum	Clarithromycin, 500 mg 2/d and levofloxacin 500 mg 1/d (8 mo)	Cure
P5	Tan et al[4]	F/36.6 (28-45) (5 cases)	Autologous fat grafting for cosmetic breast augmentation (20 d)	Erythema, breast contour disruption, breast asymmetry	Breast	M. Fortuitum (2), M. abscessus (1), and M. chelonei (2)	Clarithromycin 500 mg 2/d, amikacin 800 mg 1/d, and imipenem 500 mg 4/d (54 wk) Azithromycin 500 mg 1/d, ethambutol 750 mg 1/d, rifampicin 600 mg 1/d (6 mo), and surgical debridement	Cure
P6	Yeon et al[6]	F/34	Botulinum toxin (3.5 mo)	Erythematousnodules	Left mandible	M. immunogemom	Clarithromycin 500 mg 2/d (7 m)	Cure
P7	Fang et al[7]	F/28	Botulinum toxin (2 wk)	Erythemaand painful nodules	Lower extremities	M. abscessus	Clarithromycin, moxifloxacin, and rifampicin (6 mo)	Cure
P8	Thanas arnaksorn et al[8]	F/42	Botulinum toxin (5 wk)	Erythematous nodules	Frontalis area and right orbicularis oculi area	Histopathologically confirmed	Clarithromycin 500 mg/d and levofloxacin500 mg/d (6 mo)	Cure
P9	Saeb-Lima et al[9]	F/45	Botulinum toxin (5 mo)	Erythematousplaques and nodules	Procerus muscle zone and the pars externa of orbicularis oculi muscle	Histopathologically confirmed	Clarithromycin, azithromycin, and rifampicin (40 d)	Cure
P10	Hammond et al[10]	F/40	Lipofilling (2 mo)	Multiple painful nodules	Buttock	M. chelonae	Clarithromycin 500 mg 2/d (2.5 mo), ciprofloxacin 500mg 2/d (3 mo), and surgery	Cure
P11	Yoo et al[11]	F/56	Filler injections (3 mo)	Nodules	Cheek	M. volinskyi	Doxycycline 100 mg 2/d and ciprofloxacin 750 mg 6/d (5 mo)	Cure
P12	Fiore et al[12]	F/31	Poly-L-lactic acid (3 mo)	Erythematous nodules	Cheek	M. mucogenicum	Ciprofloxacin 500 mg and clarithromycin 500 mg 2/d (6 mo)	Cure
P13	Eustace et al[13]	M/28	Hair transplant (2 mo)	Nodules	Sculp	M. abscessus	Clarithromycin 250 mg 2/d, doxycycline 100 mg 1/d (3 mo), and drainage	Cure
P14	Yang et al[14]	F/29	Facial injection with autologous fat (9 mo)	Abscesses	Temporal and lower orbital regions	M. abscessus	Moxifloxacin, clarithromycin, and ethambutol (12 mo)	Cure

F: Female; M: Male; M. abscessus: Mycobacterium abscessus.