Published online Aug 16, 2023. doi: 10.12998/wjcc.v11.i23.5440
Peer-review started: June 14, 2023
First decision: June 21, 2023
Revised: June 29, 2023
Accepted: July 25, 2023
Article in press: July 25, 2023
Published online: August 16, 2023
Although norepinephrine injection is commonly used in emergency situations, it is associated with risks for elderly patients with spasmodic liver pain. This study explores the safety and effectiveness of mebendazole injection, an alternative treatment option, for the emergency management of spasmodic abdominal pain, while minimizing adverse reactions, in elderly patients.
To explore the development of norepinephrine injection and the adverse reactions of this drug in emergency elderly patients with spasmodic liver pain.
The control group consisted of 56 elderly patients visiting our hospital from January 2021 to December 2021. After hospital admission, the control group was intravenously administered tolopin. The experimental group consisted of 56 emergency patients with spasmodic abdominal pain who visited our hospital until June 2022. After hospital admission, the experimental group was intra
The pain of the wife, fire, diarrhea, drowning, and surrounding time disappeared in the experimental group. No statistical difference was observed between the experimental and control groups in visual pain analog scale (VAS) scores before and after the treatment (P > 0.05). The VAS scores of abdominal pain severity after 0.5 h, 1.0 h, and after 6.0 h of treatment were significantly lower for the experimental group than for the control group. After the treatment, the therapeutic effect in the experimental group was higher and statistically significant than that in the control group (P < 0.05). The probability of adverse reactions before the treatment was lower in the experimental group than in the control group.
During emergency, mebendazole injection exhibited a good therapeutic value when used for the clinical treatment of elderly patients with spasmodic stomach pain. It accelerated the disappearance of clinical symptoms such as stomach pain, reduced the stomach weight, and improved clinical activity. Reducing and promoting the frequency of high treatment safety with mebendazole injection is worthwhile.
Core Tip: Mebendazole injection is a safe and effective treatment option for elderly patients with spasmodic abdominal pain in emergency situations. It can accelerate clinical symptom disappearance, reduce the stomach weight, and improve clinical activity. Mebendazole injection can potentially be applied as a valuable treatment option that is safe for use in this vulnerable population.
- Citation: Liu YF, Chen J. Application effect of phloroglucinol injection in elderly patients with spastic abdominal pain in emergency department. World J Clin Cases 2023; 11(23): 5440-5446
- URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/2307-8960/full/v11/i23/5440.htm
- DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.12998/wjcc.v11.i23.5440
Spasmodic abdominal pain is mainly caused by intestinal spasms, which involves strong contraction of intestinal smooth muscles. It is a common condition in the emergency department and is often characterized by colic pain, which is paroxysmal and persistently worsens[1,2]. These emergency patients may also experience various degrees of gastrointestinal symptoms, such as diarrhea, nausea, and vomiting. These symptoms severely affect their physical and mental health. The elderly people are a special group highly prone to spasms of gastrointestinal smooth muscles because of the deterioration of their body’s functions, a decline in their immune system, and the effects of mental stimulation and poor dietary habits[3-10]. In elderly patients with spasmodic abdominal pain, due to their advanced age, additional care is required while selecting drugs for treatment[11-17]. In the present study, 112 elderly patients with spasmodic abdominal pain admitted to our hospital from July 2021 to June 2022 were selected for further investigating the effect of mebendazole injection on the time required for the disappearance of abdominal pain and the adverse effects associated with this drug.
This study was approved by the moral principal commission of our hospital. In total, 56 emergency geriatric patients with spasmodic abdominal pain admitted between July 2021 and December 2021 were assigned to the control group, while 56 emergency geriatric patients with spasmodic abdominal pain admitted between January 2022 and June 2022 were included in the experimental group. The control group had 26 male and 30 female patients, respectively. The maximum patient age was not more than 88 years, and the minimum patient age was not less than 64 years. The average patient age was (75.44 ± 4.78) years. The maximum and minimum durations of the patients’ illness were not more than 31 h and not less than 5 h, respectively, with an average duration of (18.17 ± 4.48) h. The experimental group had 27 male and 29 female patients, respectively. The maximum patient age did not exceed 89 years, and the minimum age was not less than 62 years, with an average patient age was (75.51 ± 4.85) years. The maximum and minimum durations of the patients’ illness were not more than 30 h and not less than 7 h, respectively, with an average duration of (18.28 ± 4.45) h. The general data of the two elderly patient groups with spasmodic abdominal pain exhibited no statistically significant differences (P > 0.05). The patient inclusion criteria were as follows: (1) Those aged ≥ 60 years; (2) those who met the diagnostic criteria for spasmodic abdominal pain[18]; (3) those who had not used relevant antispasmodic and analgesic drugs before study participation; (4) those who signed the informed consent form; (5) those who had good compliance with the treatment; and (6) those who could communicate normally. The patient exclusion criteria were as follows: (1) Combination of malignant neoplasms; (2) allergy to scopolamine and methotrexate injection; (3) abnormal liver and kidney functions; (4) combination of other types of acute abdominal diseases; (5) cognitive impairment; (6) combination of serious systemic infectious diseases; and (7) combination of serious cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.
After the patients were admitted to the hospital, the control group was intravenously injected with scopolamine once a day for 3 d. Scopolamine injection was manufactured by Sinopharm Group Rongsheng Pharmaceutical Co. The drip rate was controlled within the range of 70-80 drops/min. After hospital admission, the experimental group was intravenously injected with mebendazole once a day for 3 d. Mebendazole injection was manufactured by Wuhan Renfu Pharmaceutical Co Ltd. Approval No.: Guopharm Quanzhi H20057106. The drip rate was controlled within the range of 70-80 drops/min.
We observed the disappearance of clinical symptoms in the control and experimental groups after treatment, including the clinical symptoms of abdominal pain, fever, diarrhea, nausea, and vomiting. To observe the changes in abdominal pain severity in the control and experimental groups, the visual pain analog scale (VAS)[19,20] was used to assess pain severity before treatment, and after 0.5 h, 1.0 h, and 6.0 h of treatment. A maximum VAS score of 10 indicated that the patient had very severe pain symptoms, and a minimum VAS score of 0 indicated that the patient had no pain symptoms. Abdominal pain severity increased with an increase in the VAS score. The treatment efficacy in the control and experimental groups was evaluated according to the following criteria[21-30]: If the patients did not have clinical symptoms or had mild clinical symptoms such as vague pain, distension, and stabbing pain below the stomach and above the pubic hairline after treatment, the treatment was considered effective. If patients had clinical symptoms such as vague pain, distension, and tingling in the area below the stomach and above the pubic bone, the treatment was considered ineffective. Total effective rate = (number of patients with a significant effect + number of effective patients)/total number of cases × 100%. We also monitored the occurrence of adverse reactions in the control and experimental groups after treatment, including the number of cases of blurred vision, dry mouth, and palpitations. The overall incidence rate of adverse reactions = total number of adverse reactions/total number of cases × 100%.
The study data were analyzed using SPSS 22.0. The measurement data analyzed using t-test were expressed as (mean ± SD), and the count data analyzed using the χ2 test were expressed as n (%). P < 0.05 indicated a statistically significant difference.
As shown in Table 1, abdominal pain, fever, diarrhea, and nausea and vomiting disappeared in a significantly shorter time in the experimental group than in the reference group.
| Grouping | Number of examples | Time for abdominal pain to disappear | Time for fever to disappear | Time for diarrhea to disappear | Time for nausea and vomiting to disappear |
| Reference group | 56 | 22.17 ± 1.45 | 7.48 ± 0.77 | 9.90 ± 0.93 | 6.69 ± 1.17 |
| Experimental group | 56 | 20.04 ± 1.33 | 6.82 ± 0.65 | 8.11 ± 0.87 | 5.55 ± 1.20 |
| t value | - | 8.101 | 4.901 | 10.518 | 5.909 |
| P value | - | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 |
As shown in Table 2, the VAS scores of abdominal pain severity before treatment for the experimental group exhibited no statistical significance compared with those for the control group (P > 0.05). The VAS scores of abdominal pain severity after 0.5 h, 1.0 h, and 6.0 h of treatment for the experimental group were significantly lower than those for the control group, and statistically significant differences in VAS scores were observed between the groups (P < 0.05).
| Grouping | Number of examples | Before treatment | After 0.5 h of treatment | 1 h after treatment | 6 h after treatment |
| Reference group | 56 | 7.52 ± 1.13 | 5.08 ± 1.04 | 4.17 ± 0.96 | 3.76 ± 0.82 |
| Experimental group | 56 | 7.44 ± 1.25 | 4.22 ± 0.80 | 3.79 ± 0.62 | 2.77 ± 0.69 |
| t value | - | 0.355 | 4.905 | 2.488 | 6.913 |
| P value | - | 0.723 | 0.000 | 0.014 | 0.000 |
The efficacy after treatment was significantly higher in the experimental group than in the reference group, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05; Table 3).
| Grouping | Number of examples | Visible effect | Effective | Invalid | Total efficiency |
| Reference group | 56 | 29 (51.79) | 16 (28.57) | 11 (19.64) | 45 (80.36) |
| Experimental group | 56 | 33 (58.93) | 20 (35.71) | 3 (5.36) | 53 (94.64) |
| χ2 | - | - | - | - | 5.224 |
| P value | - | - | - | - | 0.022 |
The incidence of adverse reactions after treatment was significantly lower in the experimental group than in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05; Table 4).
| Grouping | Number of examples | Blurred vision | Dry mouth | Heart palpitations | Total incidence |
| Reference group | 56 | 2 (3.57) | 6 (10.71) | 4 (7.14) | 12 (21.43) |
| Experimental group | 56 | 0 (0.00) | 3 (5.36) | 1 (1.79) | 4 (7.14) |
| χ2 | - | - | - | - | 4.667 |
| P value | - | - | - | - | 0.031 |
Spasmodic abdominal pain is a common occurrence in the emergency department. It may occur due to diet, mental stimulation and cold, as well as acute gastroenteritis, or urinary stones. The primary characteristics of spasmodic abdominal pain are its rapid onset and progression. The severity of this pain has a serious impact on the patient’s normal life[31]. In elderly patients who are weaker than young and middle-aged people and have a declining immunity, the onset of spasmodic abdominal pain can be more severe, with the duration of pain being longer. The former, as an anticholinergic drug, is widely used in the treatment of abdominal cramps caused by gastrointestinal and pancreatic duct diseases, etc. Although it can effectively relieve these cramps and help release smooth muscle spasm, it is associated with a high incidence of post-treatment adverse reactions. Thus, it does not meet the drug safety needs of elderly patients with spastic abdominal pain[32-34].
Anti-colonial injections are used as antispasmodic drugs. Once administered, they move directly to treat the small gastrointestinal muscle spasm. It is also used to treat physical problems due to entry problems and warning systems. The Martin et al[35] trial indicated that membranes could be used to improve the health of patients with diabetes as well as cardiac problems with a health center and can be used as the first card for elderly people to make sickness finances. This study period shows that abdominal pain ended for a short period, a very short restaurant, a very short period, a short period of diabetes, a short period and a short period of time of disease and dust, learning the reference group. The difference was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). The VAS scores decreased by 0.5 h, 1.0 h, and 6.0 h in the experimental group than in the control group. The intermediate group of VAS was statistically significant (P < 0.05), which helped you to seek health, such as pregnancy and health care less than abdominal disease. Husain et al[36] also wrote about 56 years of illness, that the duration of pain to membership is too short for the duration of illness and that VAS patients with disease are less than the rest of the gospel (P < 0.05). These study findings confirm that mebendazole injections have the therapeutic value against the development of abdominal diseases. This includes the results of these studies, which confirm the possibility of a triophenol Good News to increase the signs of pregnant adult diseases in emergency abdominal diseases. As shown in Tables 3-4, the impact of the drug on the examination group was considerably higher than that on the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The mebendazole injection is effective in treating elderly patients with abdominal diseases in the emergency room. The risks of adverse events with mebendazole injection in the patients was lower. Some study[37-39] indicated that urgent physical treatment of sports disease is associated with 84.44% adverse events. However, 17.78% mebendazole’s active body was 97.78% of the adverse events were 2.22%. The impact of care and safety associated with mebendazole injection is higher than that of scopolamine. This may be possible to open the gospel for membership, such as proper medicines other than the use of health and non-infectious drugs, directly or directly open the equivalent instrument of music, which is not only about anti-colonial products, But there are also no common problems related to the same muscle or not sexual orientation or prevention of the patient’s safety, so it is safe for the patient and can improve the end of the mother and economy doctor[40].
However, this study has certain limitations. This study only relies on certain regional research data. For this study, information was only collected from a certain hospital, which may be accidental and biased. In the future, data from different countries, regions, and age groups should be further supplemented to eliminate contingency and limitations. In addition, follow-up studies with larger sample sizes and research breadths are required. The findings obtained might be shared as part of oral education and dental research.
In conclusion, mebendazole injection has a good clinical therapeutic value for elderly patients with spasmodic abdominal pain. It can accelerate the disappearance of clinical symptoms such as abdominal pain, reduce pain severity, optimize the clinical treatment effect, reduce adverse reactions, and offer a high therapeutic safety, and is therefore worth promoting.
Drugs for elderly patients with spasmodic abdominal pain must be selected carefully to avoid adverse reactions. Alternative treatments are required for safe and effective management of spasmodic abdominal pain.
To address the requirement for safe and effective alternative treatments for elderly patients with spasmodic abdominal pain, because drug selection is critical for avoiding adverse reactions in this vulnerable population.
To determine the safety and effectiveness of mebendazole injection as an alternative treatment for the emergency management of spasmodic abdominal pain, while minimizing adverse reactions, in elderly patients. The study establishes a valuable treatment option that accelerates symptom disappearance and improves clinical activity in this vulnerable population.
The study investigated 112 elderly patients with spasmodic abdominal pain admitted to the hospital from July 2021 to June 2022. A control group (n = 56 patients) received intravenous tolopin from January 2021 to December 2021, while the experimental group (n = 56 patients) received mebendazole injection from June 2022 to June 2022. Both groups were treated for 3 days. Clinical symptoms and adverse reactions were observed before and after the treatment to compare the differences in symptom disappearance time and adverse reactions between the two groups.
Mebendazole injection had a higher therapeutic effect and led to faster symptom disappearance in elderly patients with spasmodic abdominal pain than traditional treatments.
Mebendazole injection is a safe and effective treatment option for elderly patients with spasmodic abdominal pain in emergency situations. It can accelerate clinical symptom disappearance, reduce the stomach weight, and improve clinical activity. Mebendazole injection can potentially be applied as a valuable treatment option that is safe for use in this vulnerable population.
Future studies should focus on the long-term safety and effectiveness of mebendazole injection in elderly patients with spasmodic abdominal pain.
Provenance and peer review: Unsolicited article; Externally peer reviewed.
Peer-review model: Single blind
Specialty type: Gastroenterology and hepatology
Country/Territory of origin: China
Peer-review report’s scientific quality classification
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P-Reviewer: Holdsworth-Carson SJ, Australia; Solomon SD, United States S-Editor: Chen YL L-Editor: A P-Editor: Chen YL
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