Retrospective Study
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2021. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
World J Clin Cases. Jun 26, 2021; 9(18): 4637-4643
Published online Jun 26, 2021. doi: 10.12998/wjcc.v9.i18.4637
Comparison of ocular axis and corneal diameter between entropion and non-entropion eyes in children with congenital glaucoma
Yue Wang, Zhi-Jia Hou, Huai-Zhou Wang, Man Hu, Yu-Xin Li, Zheng Zhang
Yue Wang, Zhi-Jia Hou, Huai-Zhou Wang, Yu-Xin Li, Zheng Zhang, Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Beijing 100730, China
Man Hu, National Key Discipline of Pediatrics, Ministry of Education, Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100045, China
Author contributions: Wang Y design the study; Hou ZJ and Wang HZ drafted the work; Hu M and Wang HZ collected the data; Li YX and Zhang Z analyzed and interpreted the data; Wang Y and Wang HZ wrote the article.
Institutional review board statement: The study was reviewed and approved by the Beijing Tongren Hospital Institutional Review Board.
Informed consent statement: All study participants, or their legal guardian, provided informed written consent prior to study enrollment.
Conflict-of-interest statement: None of the authors has a financial interest in any of the products, devices, or drugs mentioned in this manuscript.
Data sharing statement: No additional data are available.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Yue Wang, MD, Associate Chief Physician, Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, No. 1 Dongjiaominxiang, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100730, China. nickwang8672@sina.com
Received: April 8, 2021
Peer-review started: April 8, 2021
First decision: April 28, 2021
Revised: May 7, 2021
Accepted: May 19, 2021
Article in press: May 19, 2021
Published online: June 26, 2021
Abstract
BACKGROUND

Children with congenital glaucoma are often accompanied by acquired epiblepharon in the lower eyelid, which causes entropion of the lower eyelid and damages the cornea.

AIM

To infer the possible causes of lower eyelid entropion by comparing the difference of ocular axis and corneal diameter between inverted and non-inverted ciliary eyes in children with congenital glaucoma.

METHODS

A total of 15 patients (11 males and 4 females) diagnosed with congenital glaucoma between July 2016 and January 2019 at Tongren Hospital were included. Five patients had bilateral glaucoma, and ten had unilateral glaucoma. Each patient had only one eye with lower eyelid entropion which is associated with congenital glaucoma. All the patients had no entropion in another eye. The clinical data were collected. Main outcome measures were the ocular axis and corneal diameter.

RESULTS

The average age of the 15 patients was 1.85 ± 0.49 years. Paired t-test showed that the average ocular axis of congenital glaucoma eyes with lower eyelid entropion (24.86 ± 3.44 mm) was significantly longer than that of congenital glaucoma eyes without lower eyelid entropion (20.79 ± 1.34 mm; P < 0.001). The average corneal diameter of congenital glaucoma eyes with lower eyelid entropion (13.61 ± 0.88 mm) was also significantly greater than that of congenital glaucoma eyes without lower eyelid entropion (11.63 ± 0.48; P < 0.001).

CONCLUSION

The rapid growth of the ocular axis and corneal diameter may be the main cause of congenital glaucoma with acquired lower eyelid entropion. Therefore, children with poor control of intraocular pressure and excessive growth of ocular axis and corneal diameter must be observed for the existence of acquired epiblepharon.

Keywords: Acquired epiblepharon, Congenital glaucoma, Entropion, Ocular axis, Corneal diameter, Congenital epiblepharon

Core Tip: Children with congenital glaucoma are often accompanied by acquired epiblepharon in the lower eyelid. This study investigated the ocular axis and corneal diameter of eyes with acquired epiblepharon in the lower lid among patients with congenital glaucoma and explored the cause of acquired epiblepharon in congenital glaucoma patients.