Observational Study
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2022.
World J Transplant. Nov 18, 2022; 12(11): 365-377
Published online Nov 18, 2022. doi: 10.5500/wjt.v12.i11.365
Table 1 Study participants’ age, sex, and primary cause of end-stage liver disease
No.
Age
Sex
Primary cause
132FemalePrimary biliary cholangitis
253FemaleLiver hemangioma
338FemaleLiver hemangioma
453MaleHepatitis B virus
538MaleAutoimmune hepatitis
651FemaleHepatocellular carcinoma
732MaleHepatocellular carcinoma
861FemaleHepatitis B virus
963MaleNon-alcoholic fatty liver disease
1047FemaleHepatic cystadenomas
1162FemalePrimary biliary cholangitis
1254MaleHepatitis C virus
1352MaleAlcohol-related liver disease
1463MaleAlcohol-related liver disease
1549FemaleHepatitis B virus
1652MaleHepatitis B virus
1750MaleHepatitis B virus
1852FemaleNon-alcoholic fatty liver disease
1950MaleNon-alcoholic fatty liver disease
2050FemalePrimary biliary cholangitis
Table 2 International Physical Activity Questionnaire responses
No.
Q1
Q2
Q3
Q4
Q5
Q6
Q7
Result
10 d-2 d0 h 15 min5 d1 h 0 min8 h 0 minModerate
22 d0 h 15 min4 d30 min5 d1 h 0 min4 h 30 minModerate
30 d-2 d0 h 20 min7 d1 h 30 min6 h 0 minModerate
40 d-0 d-3 d0 h 30 min8 h 0 minLow
50 d-3 d0 h 30 min3 d1 h 0 min6 h 0 minModerate
60 d-2 d0 h 20 min4 d0 h 45 min6 h 30 minModerate
70 d-3 d0 h 45 min4 d1 h 15 min4 h 30 minModerate
80 d-2 d0 h 15 min2 d0 h 30 min7 h 30 minLow
90 d-0 d-3 d0 h 15 min9 h 30 minLow
100 d-3 d0 h 30 min3 d0 h 45 min6 h 15 minModerate
110 d-0 d-3 d0 h 15 min9 h 15 minLow
120 d-2 d0 h 20 min3 d0 h 30 min6 h 45 minLow
130 d-2 d0 h 15 min4 d0 h 20 min7 h 0 minLow
140 d-0 d-5 d0 h 15 min8 h 0 minLow
150 d-0 d-3 d0 h 40 min7 h 30 minLow
160 d-2 d0 h 20 min3 d0 h 30 min6 h 0 minLow
170 d-3 d0 h 30 min4 d1 h 30 min4 h 0 minModerate
180 d-3 d0 h 20 min4 d1 h 0 min6 h 0 minModerate
190 d-0 d-7 d1 h 15 min5 h 30 minModerate
200 d-0 d-3 d0 h 30 min8 h 0 minLow
Table 3 Peak oxygen uptake and anaerobic threshold results
No.
Group
VO2peak in mL/kg/min
AT in mL/kg/min
1Active29.915.8
2Active40.821.1
3Active27.118.0
4Sedentary18.914.8
5Active25.714.1
6Active24.215.0
7Active39.618.8
8Sedentary18.414.2
9Sedentary13.812.8
10Active22.214.2
11Sedentary13.211.6
12Sedentary25.317.0
13Sedentary20.014.7
14Sedentary16.912.8
15Sedentary17.013.8
16Sedentary19.514.0
17Active30.016.9
18Active28.516.5
19Active29.816.7
20Sedentary18.113.9
Table 4 Six-minute walking test results
No.
Group
6-min walking test in m
1Active396
2Active456
3Active595
4Sedentary250
5Active433
6Active397
7Active429
8Sedentary347
9Sedentary264
10Active502
11Sedentary259
12Sedentary360
13Sedentary431
14Sedentary362
15Sedentary320
16Sedentary330
17Active460
18Active456
19Active458
20Sedentary324
Table 5 Liver Frailty Index test results
No.
Hand grip strength in kg
Sit-to-stand in s
Balance test in s
LFI
Att. 1
Att. 2
Att. 3
Side-by-side
Semi-tandem
Tandem
118191912.410.010.010.03.95
22626258.510.010.010.03.11
325242410.110.010.010.03.42
419181816.87.99.18.24.76
526272711.010.010.010.03.9
619181913.19.110.08.94.08
730282910.010.010.010.03.71
814141317.28.59.28.14.66
913141417.68.59.48.04.92
1018171813.39.010.09.04.15
1112111216.19.310.09.04.62
1220191911.910.010.010.04.23
1326272812.210.010.010.04.00
1422212111.810.010.010.04.15
1518181712.810.010.010.04.03
1618191813.09.59.88.94.42
172727269.410.010.010.03.70
1819202011.310.010.010.03.80
192728279.810.010.010.03.74
2015141414.29.09.48.44.43
Table 6 Mean values of peak oxygen uptake, anaerobic threshold, 6-min walking test and, Liver Frailty Index
Value
Active group
Sedentary group
VO2peak in mL/kg/min29.78 ± 6.07a18.11 ± 3.39a
AT in mL/kg/min16.71 ± 2.17b13.96 ± 1.45b
6MWT in m458.2 ± 57.5a324.7 ± 55.8a
LFI3.75 ± 0.31a4.42 ± 0.32a
Table 7 Correlation analysis between activity level and model for end-stage liver disease score peak oxygen uptake, anaerobic threshold, 6-min walking test, and Liver Frailty Index
Value
rpb
P value
MELD-0.212> 0.05
VO2peak in mL/kg/min0.781< 0.001
AT in mL/kg/min0.618< 0.01
6MWT in m0.779< 0.001
LFI-0.747< 0.001