Structured psychological intervention based on Omaha system model for postoperative maxillofacial tumor patients

doi:10.5498/wjp.124253

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World Journal of Psychiatry

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2220-3206

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

Retrospective Study

Copyright: ©Author(s) 2026. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license. No commercial re-use. See permissions. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.

World J Psychiatry. Nov 19, 2026; 16(11): 124253
Published online Nov 19, 2026. doi: 10.5498/wjp.124253

Table 1 General data, n (%)/, mean ± SD

Group	Control group (n = 60)	Observation group (n = 60)	t/χ²	P value
Age (years)	45.48 ± 5.21	46.12 ± 5.90	0.624	0.534
Gender			0.307	0.580
Male	27 (45.00)	24 (40.00)
Female	33 (55.00)	36 (60.00)
Course of illness (months)	6.40 ± 1.99	6.57 ± 1.92	0.468	0.641
Location of tumor			1.496	0.683
Oral cavity	13 (21.67)	8 (13.34)
Salivary glands	21 (35.00)	24 (40.00)
Upper and lower jaws	18 (30.00)	20 (33.33)
Face and neck	8 (13.33)	8 (13.33)
Tumor type			0.135	0.713
Benign	28 (46.67)	26 (43.33)
Malignant	32 (53.33)	34 (56.67)
Surgical approach			0.300	0.584
Simple tumor resection	35 (58.33)	38 (63.33)
Resection + flap repair	25 (41.67)	22 (36.67)
Education level			0.543	0.461
Junior high school and below	28 (46.67)	24 (40.00)
High school and above	32 (53.33)	36 (60.00)
Marital status			0.786	0.375
Married	49 (81.67)	45 (75.00)
Unmarried/divorced/widowed	11 (18.33)	15 (25.00)
Clinical staging (malignant cases only)	n = 32	n = 34	0.120	0.729
Stage I-II	19 (59.38)	22 (64.71)
Stage III-IV	13 (40.62)	12 (35.29)

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Table 2 Scores for body image distress with anxiety and depression, mean ± SD

Group	Control group (n = 60)	Observation group (n = 60)	t	P value
SAS
Per-care	56.78 ±3.89	56.82 ± 4.14	0.045	0.964
Post-care	45.08 ± 4.78^a	42.90 ± 3.65^a	2.811	0.006
SDS
Per-care	58.93 ± 6.53	59.30 ± 8.62	0.263	0.793
Post-care	44.98 ± 4.33^a	40.97 ± 4.11^a	5.209	< 0.001
BIDQ
Per-care	39.97 ± 4.08	40.48 ± 3.90	0.709	0.480
Post-care	35.67 ± 3.01^a	33.35 ± 2.15^a	4.846	< 0.001

^aP < 0.05 vs per-care.

SAS: Self-Rating Anxiety Scale; SDS: Self-Rating Depression Scale; BIDQ: Body Image Disturbance Questionnaire.

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Table 3 Social withdrawal and distress scores, mean ± SD

Group	Control group (n = 60)	Observation group (n = 60)	t	P value
Social withdrawal
Per-care	10.47 ± 2.38	11.08 ± 2.17	1.148	0.141
Post-care	8.27 ± 2.86^a	6.48 ± 2.38^a	3.713	< 0.001
Social distress
Per-care	10.03 ± 2.34	10.10 ± 2.05	0.166	0.868
Post-care	8.60 ± 2.76^a	7.00 ± 2.16^a	3.532	0.001

^aP < 0.05 vs per-care.

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Table 4 Health self-management ability scores, mean ± SD

Group	Control group (n = 60)	Observation group (n = 60)	t	P value
Self-management environment
Per-care	30.03 ± 2.12	29.50 ± 2.22	1.345	0.181
Post-care	37.00 ± 3.12^a	43.53 ± 3.07^a	11.569	< 0.001
Self-management awareness
Per-care	41.68 ± 2.99	41.67 ± 2.78	0.032	0.975
Post-care	47.83 ± 3.32^a	52.87 ± 3.25^a	8.393	< 0.001
Self-management behavior
Per-care	42.20 ± 3.64	42.53 ± 3.28	0.527	0.599
Post-care	49.73 ± 4.45^a	51.43 ± 4.48^a	2.085	0.039

^aP < 0.05 vs per-care.

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Table 5 Quality of life scores, mean ± SD

Group	Control group (n = 60)	Observation group (n = 60)	t	P value
Somatic functions
Per-care	54.43 ± 5.75	54.83 ± 5.14	0.402	0.689
Post-care	68.02 ± 6.66^a	71.60 ± 4.28^a	3.507	0.001
Psychological function
Per-care	50.75 ± 5.11	51.07 ± 5.76	0.319	0.751
Post-care	72.87 ± 6.42^a	75.63 ± 5.38^a	2.557	0.012
Social function
Per-care	63.95 ± 4.21	63.85 ± 4.21	0.130	0.897
Post-care	68.43 ± 4.24^a	73.43 ± 4.44^a	6.303	< 0.001
Material life
Per-care	63.00 ± 4.03	62.75 ± 3.80	0.350	0.727
Post-care	70.35 ± 3.05^a	71.78 ± 4.35^a	2.088	0.039

^aP < 0.05 vs per-care.

Full Size Table

Citation: Zhang ZJ, Ma LL, Xu YB, Zhang J, Huang WQ, Bian Z, Zhang XY, Song Q. Structured psychological intervention based on Omaha system model for postoperative maxillofacial tumor patients. World J Psychiatry 2026; 16(11): 124253
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/2220-3206/full/v16/i11/124253.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.5498/wjp.124253

Zhang ZJ, Ma LL, Xu YB, Zhang J, Huang WQ, Bian Z, Zhang XY, Song Q. Structured psychological intervention based on Omaha system model for postoperative maxillofacial tumor patients. World J Psychiatry 2026; 16(11): 124253 [DOI: 10.5498/wjp.124253]

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