Structured psychological intervention based on Omaha system model for postoperative maxillofacial tumor patients

doi:10.5498/wjp.124253

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World Journal of Psychiatry

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2220-3206

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

Retrospective Study

Copyright: ©Author(s) 2026. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license. No commercial re-use. See permissions. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.

World J Psychiatry. Nov 19, 2026; 16(11): 124253
Published online Nov 19, 2026. doi: 10.5498/wjp.124253

Structured psychological intervention based on Omaha system model for postoperative maxillofacial tumor patients

Zhi-Jue Zhang, Li-Li Ma, Yu-Bo Xu, Jie Zhang, Wei-Qin Huang, Zhen Bian, Xue-Ying Zhang, Qiao Song

Zhi-Jue Zhang, Yu-Bo Xu, Jie Zhang, Wei-Qin Huang, Zhen Bian, Qiao Song, Department of Stomatology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China

Li-Li Ma, Department of Nursing, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China

Xue-Ying Zhang, Department of Stomatology, Yangpu Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China

Co-first authors: Zhi-Jue Zhang and Li-Li Ma.

Co-corresponding authors: Xue-Ying Zhang and Qiao Song.

Author contributions: Zhang ZJ, Ma LL, Xu YB, Zhang J, Huang WQ, Bian Z, and Zhang XY contributed to data collection and paper writing; Song Q was responsible for funding application, reviewing and editing, communication coordination, ethical review, copyright and licensing, and follow-up; Zhang ZJ, Ma LL, Xu YB, Zhang J, Huang WQ, Bian Z, Zhang XY, and Song Q contributed to research design, data analysis, and paper writing; and all authors thoroughly reviewed and endorsed the final manuscript.

AI contribution statement: Portions of this manuscript were edited using AI tools solely for language refinement. The authors carefully reviewed and verified all AI-assisted outputs and take full responsibility for the scientific content of the manuscript.

Institutional review board statement: This study was approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, approval No. [2022] 157.

Informed consent statement: All research participants or their legal guardians provided written informed consent prior to study registration.

Conflict-of-interest statement: All the authors report no relevant conflicts of interest for this article.

Data sharing statement: No other data available.

Corresponding author: Qiao Song, Lecturer, Department of Stomatology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, No. 150 Jimo Road, Shanghai 200092, China. 18621701515@163.com

Received: June 12, 2026
Revised: July 14, 2026
Accepted: July 27, 2026
Published online: November 19, 2026
Processing time: 138 Days and 22.6 Hours

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Surgery for maxillofacial tumors frequently results in functional impairment and facial deformity, which can induce social withdrawal and disturbed body image. The Omaha system has not been used with this population, and conventional care does not provide systematic psychosocial assistance. Our hypothesis was that, in comparison to standard care, a structured Omaha system-based psychological intervention would improve quality of life while lowering social withdrawal and body image disturbance.

AIM

To evaluate the effect of Omaha system-based psychological intervention on body image and social withdrawal in maxillofacial tumor surgery patients.

METHODS

This retrospective study enrolled 120 patients after maxillofacial tumor surgery at Shanghai East Hospital (2023 to 2025), dividing them into control (n = 60) and observation (n = 60) groups. The observation group received 6-week Omaha system-based psychological intervention. Validated scales assessed anxiety, depression, body image, social withdrawal, self-management, and quality of life. Group comparisons used t-tests and χ² tests.

RESULTS

After intervention, the observation group showed significantly lower scores than controls in anxiety (42.90 ± 3.65 vs 45.08 ± 4.78, P = 0.006), depression (40.97 ± 4.11 vs 44.98 ± 4.33, P < 0.001), body image disturbance (33.35 ± 2.15 vs 35.67 ± 3.01, P < 0.001), social withdrawal (6.48 ± 2.38 vs 8.27 ± 2.86, P < 0.001), and social distress (7.00 ± 2.16 vs 8.60 ± 2.76, P = 0.001), while self-management and quality of life scores were significantly improved (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSION

Omaha system-based psychological intervention reduces body image disturbance and social withdrawal, and improves quality of life in post-maxillofacial tumor surgery patients.

Keywords: Omaha system; Structured psychological intervention; Maxillofacial tumors; Body image distress; Social withdrawal

Core Tip: This study is the first to use the Omaha system model for structured psychosocial support in patients after maxillofacial tumor surgery. In contrast to standard care, it uses interdisciplinary, focused interventions (cognitive restructuring, social skills training) to methodically address body image disorder and social avoidance. The innovation is in translating complete Omaha assessments into a reproducible, six-week regimen that concurrently improves psychological distress and health self-management, delivering a standardized, evidence-based nursing approach for disfigurement-related psychosocial sequelae.