Observational Study
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2025.
World J Psychiatry. May 19, 2025; 15(5): 104113
Published online May 19, 2025. doi: 10.5498/wjp.v15.i5.104113
Table 1 Demographic and clinical characteristics of people
Variable
People (n = 1580)
Percentage (%)
Sex
    Male78149.43
    Female79950.57
Age (year)
    60-6976448.35
    70-7956635.82
    80-8922013.92
    ≥ 90301.90
Education
    Illiteracy54134.24
    Primary60138.04
    Secondary29618.73
    Technical secondary school/high school 1066.71
    College and above362.28
Distribution of pension needs
    Home care112070.89
    Community care32420.51
    Institutional care1368.61
Negative emotions
    Yes46029.11
    No112070.89
Table 2 Univariate analysis of negative emotions, n (%)
Variable
Without negative emotions (n = 1120)
Negative emotions (n = 460)
P value
Gender0.181
    Male537 (47.95)244 (53.04)
    Female583 (52.05)216 (46.96)
Age (years)0.033
    60-69565 (50.45)199 (43.26)
    70-79390 (34.82)176 (38.26)
    80-89140 (12.5)80 (17.39)
    ≥ 9025 (2.23)5 (1.09)
Education0.363
    Illiterate369 (32.95)165 (35.87)
    Primary school427 (38.13)174 (37.83)
    Junior high222 (19.82)81 (17.61)
    Vocational/high school80 (7.14)26 (5.65)
College and above22 (1.96)14 (3.04)
Occupation before retirement0.341
    None338 (30.18)123 (26.74)
    Some782 (69.82)337 (73.26)
Marital status< 0.001
    Unmarried22 (1.96)23 (5)
    Married862 (76.96)319 (69.35)
    Widowed223 (19.91)110 (23.91)
    Divorced13 (1.16)8 (1.74)
Living situation< 0.001
    Living alone88 (7.86)67 (14.57)
    Living with spouse664 (59.29)237 (51.52)
    Living with children350 (31.25)101 (21.96)
Other18 (1.61)55 (11.96)
Monthly income (yuan)0.759
    < 1000755 (67.41)291 (63.26)
    1000-2000241 (21.52)108 (23.48)
    2001-300088 (7.86)45 (9.78)
    > 300036 (3.21)16 (3.48)
Disability0.022
    None984 (87.86)389 (84.57)
    Yes136 (12.14)71 (15.43)
Medical payment method0.721
    Urban employee basic532 (47.5)225 (48.91)
    Urban resident basic67 (5.98)23 (5)
    New rural cooperative481 (42.95)186 (40.43)
    Commercial health insurance2 (0.18)1 (0.22)
    Other38 (3.39)25 (5.43)
Chronic diseases< 0.001
    None561 (50.09)195 (42.39)
    1 type367 (32.77)163 (35.43)
    2 types132 (11.79)76 (16.52)
    ≥ 3 types60 (5.36)26 (5.65)
Frailty status< 0.001
    Healthy660 (58.93)130 (28.26)
    Pre-frail343 (30.63)180 (39.13)
    Frail117 (10.45)150 (32.61)
Family support< 0.001
    Good612 (54.64)160 (34.78)
    Mild to moderate impairment330 (29.46)162 (35.22)
    Severe impairment178 (15.89)138 (30)
Table 3 Description of assignment
Item
Assignment
Age60-69 years = 1, 70-79 years = 2, 80-89 years = 3, ≥ 90 years = 4
Marital statusSingle = 1, married = 2, widowed = 3, divorced = 4
Living situationLiving alone = 1, living with spouse = 2, living with children = 3, other = 4
DisabilityNo = 0, yes = 1
Chronic disease typesNone = 0, 1 type = 1, 2 types = 2, ≥ 3 types = 3
Frailty statusHealthy period = 1, pre-frailty = 2, frailty period = 3
Family supportGood = 1, mild to moderate impairment = 2, severe impairment = 3
Table 4 Binary logistic regression analysis of negative emotions
Variable
OR
95%CI
P value
Disability2.4081.109-1.8320.043
Living situation2.3151.165-1.8710.036
Age2.5361.107-3.3360.917
Chronic diseases2.1871.103-1.748< 0.001
Marital status2.9511.756-2.2190.876
Frailty status2.3431.274-1.9230.025
Family support3.6221.315-5.397< 0.001