Structural network communication differences in drug-naive depressed adolescents with non-suicidal self-injury and suicide attempts

Table 1 Demographic and clinical characteristics of depressed adolescents, mean ± SD

Variables	NSSI + SA	NSSI	MDD	HC	P value
Gender (male/female)	6/35	4/23	7/10	12/20	0.03a
Age (years)	15.59 ± 2.16	15.70 ± 2.64	16.41 ± 2.35	20.18 ± 2.67	< 0.001b
Education (years)	8.66 ± 1.77	9.44 ± 2.72	10.05 ± 1.91	14.34 ± 2.42	< 0.001b
HAMD-17	22.83 ± 4.75	18.37 ± 5.04	16.71 ± 5.11	-	< 0.001b
HAMA-14	21.51 ± 7.57	20.44 ± 8.20	17.82 ± 8.40		0.002b

^aP < 0.05, χ² test.

^bP < 0.01, One way analysis of variance.

NSSI: Non-suicidal self-injury; SA: Suicide attempts; MDD: Major depressive disorder; HC: Healthy control; HAMD-17: The 17-item Hamilton Depression Scale; HAMA-14: The 14-item Hamilton Anxiety Scale.

Table 2 Ottawa self-injury inventory sub-scales scores in depressed adolescents, median (lower quartile-upper quartile)

Variables	NSSI + SA	NSSI	Z value (P value)
OSI-frequency
In the past one month	2 (1-3)	2 (1-2)	-0.32 (0.74)a
In the past six months	3 (1-3)	2 (1-3)	-0.41 (0.68)a
In the past one year	2 (1-3)	2 (1-3)	-5.11 (0.61)a
One year ago	2 (0-3)	1 (0-3)	-0.52 (0.61)a
OSI-functions
Affect regulation	19 (14-23)	16 (9-18)	-2.37 (0.018)a
Anti-dissociation	9 (7-11)	7 (4-8)	-3.23 (0.001)a
Anti-suicide	0 (0-5)	1 (1-6)	-3.36 (0.71)a
Interpersonal boundaries	1 (0-3)	0 (0-2)	-2.33 (0.02)a
Interpersonal influence	6 (2-12)	5 (3-9)	-0.45 (0.66)a
Self-punishment	3 (2-4)	2 (0-3)	-2.37 (0.018)a
Sensation seeking	2 (0-4)	0 (0-1)	-1.58 (0.114)a
Addictive features	2 (0-3)	1 (0-2)	-2.35 (0.019)a

^aP < 0.05.

NSSI: Non-suicidal self-injury; SA: Suicide attempts; MDD: Major depressive disorder; OSI: Ottawa self-injury inventory.

Table 3 Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation scores in depressed adolescents with non-suicidal self-injury and suicide attempts

Variables	Median
BSS-screen (in the past one week)	12.0 (9.5-13.5)
BSS-screen (previous most depressed)	15.0 (13.5-15.0)
Total BSS score (in the past one week)	51.5 (40.9-66.7)
Total BSS score (previous most depressed)	75.8 (68.2-84.9)

BSS: Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation.

Table 4 Connection differences of the five network communication models across the groups using F-test comparisons

Network communication models	Node name	Anatomical descriptions1	Node name	Anatomical descriptions	F value (P value)	Eta-squared (η²)
Communicability	OrG_R_6_2	Orbital area	OrG_L_6_3	Lateral orbital area	8.620 (3.35e-05)	0.185
	PrG_R_6_1	Head and face region of PrG	ITG_R_7_4	Intermediate lateral area of ITG	6.903 (2.61e-04)	0.154
	CG_L_7_1	Dorsal area of CG	CG_R_7_4	Ventral area of CG	6.871 (2.71e-04)	0.153
	FuG_L_3_3	Lateroventral area of FuG	Tha_L_8_7	Caudal temporal Tha	7.581 (1.15e-04)	0.166
Diffusion efficiency	PrG_L_6_2	Caudal dorsolateral area of PrG	PhG_R_6_1	Rostral area of PhG	7.017 (2.27e-04)	0.156
	PrG_L_6_2	Caudal dorsolateral area of PrG	SPL_L_5_3	Lateral area of SPL	6.298 (5.45e-04)	0.142
	PrG_L_6_2	Caudal dorsolateral area of PrG	CG_L_7_2	Rostroventral area of CG	8.450 (4.10e-05)	0.182
Navigation efficiency	PrG_R_6_5	Tongue and larynx region of PrG	ITG_R_7_3	Rostral area of ITG	7.899 (7.88e-05)	0.172
	PCun_R_4_4	PCun	INS_R_6_4	Ventral dysgranular and granular insula	7.436 (1.37e-04)	0.164
	SPL_R_5_2	Caudal area of SPL	CG_L_7_2	Rostroventral area of CG	7.440 (1.36e-04)	0.164
	CG_L_7_1	Dorsal area of CG	CG_R_7_4	Ventral area of CG	7.362 (1.50e-04)	0.162
	MFG_R_7_1	Dorsal area of MFG	BG_R_6_3	Nucleus accumbens	6.486 (4.33e-04)	0.146
Search information	STG_L_6_5	Lateral area of STG	MTG_L_4_4	Anterior superior temporal sulcus	6.995 (2.33e-04)	0.155
	CG_L_7_1	Dorsal area of CG	CG_R_7_4	Ventral area of CG	6.419 (4.70e-04)	0.145
	SFG_R_7_3	Lateral area of SFG	CG_R_7_5	Caudodorsal area of CG	6.270 (5.64e-04)	0.142
Shortest path efficiency	CG_L_7_1	Dorsal area of CG	CG_R_7_4	Ventral area of CG	8.579 (3.52e-05)	0.184

¹Brainnetome atlas.

OrG: Orbital gyrus; PrG: Precentral gyrus; ITG: Inferior temporal gyrus; CG: Cingulate gyrus; FuG: Fusiform gyrus; Tha: Thalamus; PhG: Parahippocampal gyrus; SPL: Superior parietal lobule; PCun: Precuneus; INS: Insular gyrus; MFG: Middle frontal gyrus; BG: Basal ganglia; STG: Superior temporal gyrus; MTG: Middle temporal gyrus; SFG: Superior frontal gyrus; L: Left; R: Right.