Effect of esketamine and etomidate anesthesia on neuroplasticity in electroconvulsive therapy for treatment-resistant depression

Figure 1 Comparison of heart rate and blood pressure changes between the combination group and the control group. A: The two groups of patients with heart rate; B: The two groups of patients with mean arterial pressure; C: The two groups of patients with oxygen saturation comparison. ^aP < 0.05, statistically significant differences between groups.

Figure 2 Comparison of brain-derived neurotrophic factor, nerve growth factor, 5-hydroxytryptamine and interleukin-4 Levels between the combined group and the control group before and after treatment. A: Comparison of brain-derived neurotrophic factor; B: Comparison of nerve growth factor; C: Comparison of 5-hydroxytryptamine; D: Comparison of interleukin-4. BDNF: Brain-derived neurotrophic factor; NGF: Nerve growth factor; 5-HT: 5-hydroxytryptamine; IL-4: Interleukin-4.

Figure 3 Dynamic comparison of Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status score, Measurement and Treatment Research to Improve Cognition in Schizophrenia Consensus Cognitive Battery and Hamilton Depression Scale-24 scores between the combined group and the control group during the treatment process. A: Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status score comparison; B: Measurement and Treatment Research to Improve Cognition in Schizophrenia Consensus Cognitive Battery comparison; C: Hamilton Depression Scale-24 comparison. BRANS: Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status score; MCCB: Measurement and Treatment Research to Improve Cognition in Schizophrenia Consensus Cognitive Battery; HAMD-24: Hamilton Depression Scale-24; ECT: Electroconvulsive therapy.