Effect of esketamine and etomidate anesthesia on neuroplasticity in electroconvulsive therapy for treatment-resistant depression

doi:10.5498/wjp.v15.i9.109458

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World Journal of Psychiatry

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2220-3206

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

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World J Psychiatry. Sep 19, 2025; 15(9): 109458
Published online Sep 19, 2025. doi: 10.5498/wjp.v15.i9.109458

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Figure 2 Comparison of brain-derived neurotrophic factor, nerve growth factor, 5-hydroxytryptamine and interleukin-4 Levels between the combined group and the control group before and after treatment. A: Comparison of brain-derived neurotrophic factor; B: Comparison of nerve growth factor; C: Comparison of 5-hydroxytryptamine; D: Comparison of interleukin-4. BDNF: Brain-derived neurotrophic factor; NGF: Nerve growth factor; 5-HT: 5-hydroxytryptamine; IL-4: Interleukin-4.

Citation: Zhao GG, Zhao J, Kong Y, Pang YP, Zheng XN, Zhang YW. Effect of esketamine and etomidate anesthesia on neuroplasticity in electroconvulsive therapy for treatment-resistant depression. World J Psychiatry 2025; 15(9): 109458
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/2220-3206/full/v15/i9/109458.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.5498/wjp.v15.i9.109458

Zhao GG, Zhao J, Kong Y, Pang YP, Zheng XN, Zhang YW. Effect of esketamine and etomidate anesthesia on neuroplasticity in electroconvulsive therapy for treatment-resistant depression. World J Psychiatry 2025; 15(9): 109458 [PMID: 40933153 DOI: 10.5498/wjp.v15.i9.109458]

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