Informed consent competency assessment for brain-computer interface clinical research and application in psychiatric disorders: A systematic review

Figure 1 PRISMA flow diagram outlining the process of study selection. The figure shows the number of records identified, screened, excluded, and included in the systematic review across PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Web of Science databases. ICC: Informed consent competency.

Figure 2 Distribution of brain-computer interface types in the studies included in the review. This figure illustrates the proportions of invasive, semi-invasive, and non-invasive brain-computer interface types among the selected studies.

Figure 3 Common and disorder-specific influencing or correlation factors affecting informed consent competency in six major psychiatric disorders. Executive function impairment, processing speed deficits, and memory dysfunctions are highlighted as common factors, while disorder-specific factors such as emotional dysregulation and dopamine-related decision boundary shifts are noted.