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World J Psychiatry. Aug 19, 2025; 15(8): 107696
Published online Aug 19, 2025. doi: 10.5498/wjp.v15.i8.107696
Interaction between the brain and multiple organ systems in schizophrenia
Jin Lin, Si-Tong Feng, Zi-Yao Wu, Lin-Rui Dong, Dong-Qing Yin, Hong Zhu, Hong-Xiao Jia, Yan-Zhe Ning
Jin Lin, Si-Tong Feng, Zi-Yao Wu, Lin-Rui Dong, Dong-Qing Yin, Hong Zhu, Hong-Xiao Jia, Yan-Zhe Ning, Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, National Medical Center for Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100088, China
Jin Lin, Si-Tong Feng, Zi-Yao Wu, Lin-Rui Dong, Dong-Qing Yin, Hong Zhu, Hong-Xiao Jia, Yan-Zhe Ning, Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
Co-corresponding authors: Hong-Xiao Jia and Yan-Zhe Ning.
Author contributions: Lin J performed the majority of the writing; Feng ST conducted the literature search and data collection, and assisted in writing specific sections of the manuscript; Wu ZY provided critical input on the content and helped in refining the discussion of key topics; Dong LR assisted in organizing the references; Yin DQ and Ning YZ coordinated the writing process; Zhu H provided expert advice on specific topics; Jia HX provided the input in writing the paper; Ning YZ designed the outline; Jia HX and Ning YZ made equal contributions as co-corresponding authors. All authors approved the final version manuscript to publish.
Supported by Beijing Traditional Chinese Medicine Scientific and Technological Development Fund Project, No. BJZYYB-2023-66; Beijing Natural Science Foundation, No. 7212050; and the Capital’s Funds for Health Improvement and Research, No. 2020-4-2126.
Conflict-of-interest statement: All the authors report no relevant conflicts of interest for this article.
Open Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: https://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Yan-Zhe Ning, Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, National Medical Center for Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 5 Ankang Hutong, Xicheng District, Beijing 100088, China. ningzy0923@mail.ccmu.edu.cn
Received: March 28, 2025
Revised: April 19, 2025
Accepted: June 23, 2025
Published online: August 19, 2025
Processing time: 133 Days and 13.6 Hours
Core Tip

Core Tip: While existing reviews of schizophrenia focus primarily on central nervous system pathophysiology, this minireview uniquely highlights the growing evidence of interactions between the brain and peripheral organ systems, including the cardiovascular, pulmonary, hepatic, immune, and renal systems. It underscores the critical role of brain-organ interaction via the autonomic nervous system, endocrine system, and immune system in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia, providing new insights into its underlying mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets.