Retrospective Study
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2025. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
World J Psychiatry. Sep 19, 2025; 15(9): 107924
Published online Sep 19, 2025. doi: 10.5498/wjp.v15.i9.107924
Impact of phakic intraocular lens implantation on anxiety and depression in patients with high myopia
Xiao-Hua Chen, Xiang-Jun Dai
Xiao-Hua Chen, Xiang-Jun Dai, Department of Ophthalmology, Yiwu Aier Eye Hospital, Yiwu 322000, Zhejiang Province, China
Author contributions: Chen XH conducted formal analysis, project management, visualization; Dai XJ investigated, supervised, verified, wrote, reviewed, and edited; Chen XH and Dai XJ contributed conceptualization, data organization, methodology, software, and wrote the original manuscript; and all authors thoroughly reviewed and endorsed the final manuscript.
Institutional review board statement: This study was approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of Yiwu Aier Eye Hospital, approval No. 20250326-1.
Informed consent statement: All study participants or their legal guardian provided informed written consent about personal and medical data collection prior to study enrolment.
Conflict-of-interest statement: All the authors report no relevant conflicts of interest for this article.
Data sharing statement: Technical appendix, statistical code, and dataset available from the corresponding author at m13797729750@163.com. Participants gave informed consent for data sharing.
Open Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: https://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Xiang-Jun Dai, Department of Ophthalmology, Yiwu Aier Eye Hospital, No. 77 Liminghu Road, Jiangdong Street, Yiwu 322000, Zhejiang Province, China. m13797729750@163.com
Received: April 25, 2025
Revised: May 22, 2025
Accepted: July 7, 2025
Published online: September 19, 2025
Processing time: 123 Days and 3.3 Hours
Abstract
BACKGROUND

Phakic intraocular lens (IOL) implantation is a common treatment for high myopia. However, pre- and postoperative psychological changes, particularly anxiety and depression, are noteworthy concerns. Multiple studies have indicated a close relationship between ophthalmic diseases, including high myopia, glaucoma, anxiety, and depression.

AIM

To evaluate the impact of phakic IOL implantation on anxiety and depression in patients with high myopia.

METHODS

Data from 136 patients with high myopia, who underwent phakic IOL implantation at the authors’ hospital between June 2024 and December 2024, were retrospectively analyzed. Clinical data were collected from the hospital’s electronic medical records system. Preoperative and one-month postoperative data were compared. Anxiety, depression, sleep quality, and quality of life were evaluated using the Hamilton anxiety scale, Hamilton depression scale, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and 36-item Short Form Health Survey, respectively.

RESULTS

Of 136 patients, 67.65% (n = 92) were female and 32.35% (n = 44) were male, with a mean ± SD age of 28.02 ± 5.72 years. The mean uncorrected visual acuity before and 1 month after treatment was 1.83 ± 0.24 log minimum angle of resolution (MAR) and 0.03 ± 0.07 log MAR, respectively. The mean best corrected visual acuity before and 1 month after treatment was 0.04 ± 0.07 log MAR and 0.01 ± 0.02 log MAR, respectively. All differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). Compared with pretreatment, Hamilton anxiety scale and Hamilton depression scale scores significantly decreased 1 month post-treatment (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index score was significantly lower after than that before treatment (P < 0.05). The 36-item Short Form Health Survey quality of life score significantly improved after treatment (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSION

Phakic IOL implantation significantly reduces anxiety and depression and improves sleep quality and quality of life in patients with high myopia. This study provides new concepts for treating high myopia.

Keywords: High myopia; Phakic intraocular lens implantation; Hamilton anxiety rating scale; Hamilton depression rating scale; Quality of life

Core Tip: There is a well-documented association between ocular pathologies, particularly high myopia and glaucoma, and psychological comorbidities, such as anxiety and depression. The preoperative and postoperative psychological states of patients undergoing intraocular lens implantation surgery, including manifestations of anxiety and depression, represent significant clinical considerations. Evidence from this study demonstrates that intraocular lens implantation can effectively ameliorate anxiety and depressive symptoms in patients with high myopia, while concurrently yielding substantial improvement in both sleep quality and overall quality of life metrics.