Zhou LN, Mao Y, Li BJ, Ma XC, Wang W. Novel biomarkers of the Framingham risk score in patients with depression: A cross-sectional study. World J Psychiatry 2025; 15(8): 106303 [DOI: 10.5498/wjp.v15.i8.106303]
Corresponding Author of This Article
Li-Na Zhou, Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, No. 277 West Yanta Street, Xi’an 710061, Shaanxi Province, China. zhoulinapsy@xjtu.edu.cn
Research Domain of This Article
Psychiatry
Article-Type of This Article
Case Control Study
Open-Access Policy of This Article
This article is an open-access article which was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
World J Psychiatry. Aug 19, 2025; 15(8): 106303 Published online Aug 19, 2025. doi: 10.5498/wjp.v15.i8.106303
Novel biomarkers of the Framingham risk score in patients with depression: A cross-sectional study
Li-Na Zhou, Yan Mao, Bai-Jia Li, Xian-Cang Ma, Wei Wang
Li-Na Zhou, Bai-Jia Li, Xian-Cang Ma, Wei Wang, Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, Shaanxi Province, China
Yan Mao, Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, The Fifth Hospital of Yulin, Yulinshi 719000, Shaanxi Province, China
Author contributions: Zhou LN, Mao Y, and Li BJ obtained and interpreted the data, drafted the article, and reviewed the final version; Ma XC, Wang W reflected on the design and recruitment of participants; Zhou LN, Mao Y, Li BJ, Ma XC, and Wang W conducted the conception and design of the research; and all authors thoroughly reviewed and endorsed the final manuscript.
Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 82301737.
Institutional review board statement: This study was approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, approval No. XJTUIAF2018 LSK-076.
Informed consent statement: All written informed consent was obtained from all participants.
Conflict-of-interest statement: All the authors report no relevant conflicts of interest for this article.
STROBE statement: The authors have read the STROBE Statement-checklist of items, and the manuscript was prepared and revised according to the STROBE Statement-checklist of items.
Data sharing statement:
The data underlying this study are not publicly available.
Open Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: https://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Li-Na Zhou, Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, No. 277 West Yanta Street, Xi’an 710061, Shaanxi Province, China. zhoulinapsy@xjtu.edu.cn
Received: February 26, 2025 Revised: May 6, 2025 Accepted: June 23, 2025 Published online: August 19, 2025 Processing time: 164 Days and 1.9 Hours
Abstract
BACKGROUND
The prevalence of coronary heart disease (CHD) is higher in patients with depression than in the general population. Recently, multiple novel biomarkers have been proposed to predict CHD risk, and these factors have been reported to be altered in patients with depression.
AIM
To explore whether these new biomarkers are associated with an increased risk of CHD in patients with depression.
METHODS
We recruited 279 healthy controls and 164 sex- and age-matched patients with depression and collected their clinical characteristics and laboratory values of novel cardiovascular biomarkers. The Framingham CHD risk score was used to assess the CHD risk of all individuals, and the cardiovascular markers related to the CHD risk in patients with depression were analyzed.
RESULTS
Patients with depression had an increased CHD risk of 5.3% (95% confidence interval: 4.470-6.103) and altered novel cardiovascular biomarkers compared to healthy controls, which included lower levels of thyroid stimulating hormone, albumin, total bilirubin, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and higher levels of triglyceride (TG) and uric acid. Further regression analysis showed that illness duration, family history of depression, serum TG, and urea acid levels were significantly correlated with the Framingham risk score in patients with depression.
CONCLUSION
Patients with depression had a higher CHD risk and that their illness duration, family history of depression, serum TG, and uric acid levels could play important roles in predicting CHD risk. Moreover, elevated CHD risk in patients with depression was not only related to physiological changes caused by depression but also to their genetic susceptibility.
Core Tip: This study evaluated the Framingham risk score of coronary heart disease (CHD) in patients with depression and detected their cardiovascular biomarkers. It was found that the risk of CHD in patients with depression was increased, and the levels of new cardiovascular biomarkers, triglyceride and uric acid, were related to the risk of CHD in patients with depression.
