Effect of clopidogrel in bone healing-experimental study in rabbits

Figure 1 Surgical procedures. A: Generation of calvarial defects with trephine bur of 11 mm in diameter; B: Circular defects with intact dura matter; C: Postmortem radiograph of the defects.

Figure 2 Radiographic scoring guide and example radiographs from material of the present study.

Figure 3 Schematic diagram of histological section through the calvarial defect showing primary histomorphometric measurements. Area within the dotted line represents the total defect area. Double arrows distances represent the defect horizontal dimension (a) and total bone tissue horizontal dimension (b1 + b2 + b3).

Figure 4 Representative radiographs and histological sections of the defects at 6 wk postoperatively. A: Clopidogrel group (red arrows showing the direction of histological section in each defect); B: Control group (red arrows showing the direction of histological section in each defect); C: Radiographic scoring from examiner A (^cP < 0.001); D: Radiographic scoring from examiner B (^bP < 0.01); scale bar of all histological figures is 1.5 mm.

Figure 5 Representative specimen from the clopidogrel group. A: Planar radiographic image of the defect (red arrow showing the direction of histological section; scale bar is 1.5 mm); B: Histological section (red arrow showing the direction of histological section; scale bar is 1.5 mm); C: Higher magnification in the central part of the defect showing new formed bony islet consisting of woven (asterisks) and lamellar bone (black arrow, scale bar is 0.05 mm).

Figure 6 Representative specimen from the control group. A: Planar radiographic image of the defect (red arrow showing the direction of histological section; scale bar is 1.5 mm); B: Histological section (red arrow showing the direction of histological section; scale bar is 1.5 mm); C: Higher magnification in the central part of the defect showing new formed bony islet consisting of woven bone (asterisks, scale bar is 0.05 mm).