Ali S, Singh A, Sharief N, Yadav M, Siddiqui S, Pandey V, Raikwar A, Singh A. Coronaviruses: An overview with special emphasis on COVID-19 outbreak with musculoskeletal manifestations. World J Orthop 2021; 12(9): 620-628 [PMID: 34631446 DOI: 10.5312/wjo.v12.i9.620]
Corresponding Author of This Article
Ajai Singh, MS, Professor, Department of Paediatric Orthopaedics, King George’s Medical University, Shatabdi phase-2, Shamina Road, Lucknow 226003, Uttar Pradesh, India. ajaipaedortho62@gmail.com
Research Domain of This Article
Infectious Diseases
Article-Type of This Article
Minireviews
Open-Access Policy of This Article
This article is an open-access article which was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Sabir Ali, Ajai Singh, Nayeem Sharief, Manish Yadav, Salma Siddiqui, Vaishnavi Pandey, Archana Raikwar, Anamika Singh, Department of Paediatric Orthopaedics, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow 226003, Uttar Pradesh, India
Author contributions: Singh A and Ali S designed the research study; Ali S, Siddiqui S, Pandey V, Yadav M, Raikwar A, and Singh A wrote the manuscript; All authors have read and approved the final manuscript.
Conflict-of-interest statement: There is no conflicts of interest.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Ajai Singh, MS, Professor, Department of Paediatric Orthopaedics, King George’s Medical University, Shatabdi phase-2, Shamina Road, Lucknow 226003, Uttar Pradesh, India. ajaipaedortho62@gmail.com
Received: November 24, 2020 Peer-review started: November 30, 2020 First decision: December 31, 2020 Revised: January 28, 2021 Accepted: April 22, 2021 Article in press: April 22, 2021 Published online: September 18, 2021
Abstract
An acute respiratory illness caused by a novel coronavirus, namely, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, the virus that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), began spreading across China in late December 2019. The disease gained global attention as it spread worldwide. Since the COVID-19 pandemic began, many studies have focused on the impact of the disease on conditions such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, pulmonary disorders, and renal malfunction. However, few studies have focused on musculoskeletal disorders related to COVID-19 infection. In this review, we update the current knowledge on the coronavirus with special reference to its effects during and after the pandemic on musculoskeletal aliments, which may inform clinical practice.
Core Tip: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, the virus that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), began spreading across China in late December 2019 and became a pandemic. This review focuses on musculoskeletal signs and symptoms of COVID-19 infection. Furthermore, a hypothetical pathway showing factor-induced hypoxic conditions and their downflow changes in the musculoskeletal system during severe COVID-19 infection are discussed.
