Basic Study
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2019.
World J Radiol. Jan 28, 2019; 11(1): 1-9
Published online Jan 28, 2019. doi: 10.4329/wjr.v11.i1.1
Figure 1
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Figure 1 Chicken’s extensor iliotibialis was used to perform muscle quantification for muscle metabolites by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. A: Skinned chicken thigh showing the extensor iliotibialis lateralis muscle fiber orientation (in the yellow marked area) at various angles (0°, 30°, 60°, and 90°) with regard to the main magnetic field (B0); B: T2-weighted turbo spin echo MRI images show areas of proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy voxel placement. B0: Main magnetic field direction.
Figure 2
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Figure 2 Original proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy spectra at different angles. Muscle spectra at 0° are shown with spectra oriented at 30°, 60°, and 90° multiplied by a factor of 2. The spectrum at 0° showed the most-well defined lipid peaks IMCL (CH3), EMCL (CH3), IMCL (CH2), and EMCL (CH2). EMCL: Extramyocellular lipids; IMCL: Intramyocellular lipids.
Figure 3
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Figure 3 Muscle metabolite spectra at 30°, 60°, and 90° subtracted from baseline set at 0°. Muscle spectra at 30°, 60°, and 90° without multiplied factors are subtracted from spectrum baseline at 0°.
Figure 4
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Figure 4 Metabolites identified by AMARES algorithm. Metabolites are shown in the following quantities: IMCL (CH3) at 0.9 ppm, EMCL (CH3) at 1.1 ppm, IMCL (CH2) at 1.3 ppm, EMCL (CH2) at 1.5 ppm, and creatine at 3.02 ppm. At 30°, 60°, and 90°, spectra were shown by a factor of 3.8. Spectrum of muscle positioned at 90° to the main magnetic field was unable to be identified for EMCL (CH2) at 1.5 ppm. EMCL: Extramyocellular lipids; IMCL: Intramyocellular lipids.
Figure 5
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Figure 5 Metabolites at different angle ratios to muscle metabolite at 0°. Each lipid (IMCL (CH3), EMCL (CH3), IMCL (CH2), and EMCL (CH2)) was calculated as a ratio to creatine and then was normalized with the average of lipid/Cr ratio set at 0°. At 30°, 60°, and 90°, there was a tendency for the ratio to decrease when compared to 0°. The comparisons between 0° and the different angles were performed using Wilcoxon signed-rank test with aP-value < 0.05 being significantly different. Cr: Creatine; EMCL: Extramyocellular lipids; IMCL: Intramyocellular lipids.