Efficacy and safety of negative pressure wound therapy for the treatment of diabetic foot ulcers: A meta-analysis

Table 1 Characteristics of studies included in the meta-analysis

Ref.	Study site	Year	Grade	Duration	Treatment	Treatment time	Follow-up time	Observational indices
Armstrong et al[11]	United States	2005	TX University 2-3	Exp (1.2 ± 3.9) months, Con (1.8 ± 5.9) months	NPWT 50-200 mmHg	16 weeks	16 weeks	90% granulation tissue formation time, wound healing rate, incidence of adverse events
Blume et al[12]	United States	2008	Wagener 2-3	Exp (198.3 ± 323.5) days, Con (206.03 ± 365.9) days	VAC 100 mmHg	Exp (63.6 ± 36.57) days, Con (78.1 ± 39.29) days	16 weeks	90% granulation tissue formation time, wound healing rate, amputation rate, incidence of adverse events
Sepúlveda et al[13]	Chile	2009	Not given	Not given	VAC	Not given	Not given	90% granulation tissue formation time
Riaz et al[14]	Pakistan	2010	Not given	3-5 months	VAC 50-125 mmHg	Not given	6 months	90% granulation tissue formation time
Paola et al[15]	Italy	2010	TX University 2-3	Not given	VSD 125 mmHg	8 weeks	8 weeks	90% granulation tissue formation time, amputation rate
Nain et al[19]	India	2011	Not given	Not given	Negative pressure sealed drainage dressing 15.96-59.85 kPa	Exp 2345 days, Con 46145 days	3 months	Wound healing rate
Lone et al[16]	India	2014	Armstrong 2-3	Not given	NPWT 80-125 mmHg	8 weeks	6-10 months	90% granulation tissue formation time, amputation rate
James et al[17]	India	2019	≥ Wagener 2	Exp (51.4 ± 36.3) days, Con (52.6 ± 27.6) days	NPWT 125 mmHg	Not given	1 week, 2 weeks, 1 month, 2 months	Amputation rate
Seidel et al[18]	Germany	2020	Wagener 2-4	> 4 weeks	VAC	16 weeks	6 months	90% granulation tissue formation time, wound healing rate, amputation rate, incidence of adverse events

VAC: Vacuum assisted closure; VSD: Vacuum sealing drainage; Con: Control group; Exp: Experimental group; NPWT: Negative pressure wound therapy.