Review
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2015. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
World J Diabetes. Feb 15, 2015; 6(1): 92-108
Published online Feb 15, 2015. doi: 10.4239/wjd.v6.i1.92
Ocular complications of diabetes mellitus
Nihat Sayin, Necip Kara, Gökhan Pekel
Nihat Sayin, Department of Ophthalmology, Kanuni Sultan Suleyman Education and Research Hospital, 34303 Istanbul, Turkey
Necip Kara, Department of Ophthalmology, Gaziantep University, 27000 Gaziantep, Turkey
Gökhan Pekel, Department of Ophthalmology, Pamukkale University, 20070 Denizli, Turkey
Author contributions: Sayin N, Kara N and Pekel G contributed to this paper.
Conflict-of-interest: The authors declare no conflicts of interest regarding this manuscript.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article which was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Correspondence to: Nihat Sayin, MD, Department of Ophthalmology, Kanuni Sultan Suleyman Education and Research Hospital, Atakent Mahallesi, 4. Cadde. C 2-7 Blok. Kat: 3 Daire: 13. Kücükcekmece, 34303 Istanbul, Turkey. nihatsayin@yahoo.com
Telephone: +90-533-4383755 Fax: +90-212-5714790
Received: July 9, 2014
Peer-review started: July 9, 2014
First decision: September 23, 2014
Revised: November 22, 2014
Accepted: December 3, 2014
Article in press: December 10, 2014
Published online: February 15, 2015
Abstract

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a important health problem that induces ernestful complications and it causes significant morbidity owing to specific microvascular complications such as, retinopathy, nephropathy and neuropathy, and macrovascular complications such as, ischaemic heart disease, and peripheral vasculopathy. It can affect children, young people and adults and is becoming more common. Ocular complications associated with DM are progressive and rapidly becoming the world’s most significant cause of morbidity and are preventable with early detection and timely treatment. This review provides an overview of five main ocular complications associated with DM, diabetic retinopathy and papillopathy, cataract, glaucoma, and ocular surface diseases.

Keywords: Diabetes mellitus, Diabetic retinopathy, Ocular complication, Neovascular glaucoma, Cataract, Ocular diseases

Core tip: Ocular complications associated with diabetes mellitus (DM) are progressive and rapidly becoming the world’s most significant cause of morbidity and are preventable with early detection and timely treatment. This review provides an overview of five main ocular complications associated with DM, diabetic retinopathy and papillopathy, cataract, glaucoma, and ocular surface diseases.