Wibawa IDN, Mariadi IK, Somayana G, Krisnawardani Kumbara CIY, Sindhughosa DA. Diabetes and fatty liver: Involvement of incretin and its benefit for fatty liver management. World J Diabetes 2023; 14(5): 549-559 [PMID: 37273247 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v14.i5.549]
Corresponding Author of This Article
I Dewa Nyoman Wibawa, MD, PhD, Professor, Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroentero-hepatology Division, Udayana University, Faculty of Medicine, Jalan PB Sudirman Denpasar, Denpasar 80233, Bali, Indonesia. agusbobwibawa@yahoo.com
Research Domain of This Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Article-Type of This Article
Minireviews
Open-Access Policy of This Article
This article is an open-access article which was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
World J Diabetes. May 15, 2023; 14(5): 549-559 Published online May 15, 2023. doi: 10.4239/wjd.v14.i5.549
Diabetes and fatty liver: Involvement of incretin and its benefit for fatty liver management
I Dewa Nyoman Wibawa, I Ketut Mariadi, Gde Somayana, Cokorda Istri Yuliandari Krisnawardani Kumbara, Dwijo Anargha Sindhughosa
I Dewa Nyoman Wibawa, I Ketut Mariadi, Gde Somayana, Cokorda Istri Yuliandari Krisnawardani Kumbara, Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroentero-hepatology Division, Udayana University, Faculty of Medicine, Denpasar 80233, Bali, Indonesia
Dwijo Anargha Sindhughosa, Internal Medicine Resident, Udayana University, Faculty of Medicine, Denpasar 80233, Bali, Indonesia
Author contributions: Wibawa IDN contributed to conception of design, literature acquisition, drafting and critical revision of the article for important intellectual content and manuscript supervision; Mariadi IK contributed to conception of design, data searching, literature analysis, drafting and critical revision of the article for important intellectual content; Somayana G contributed to literature analysis, critical revision of the article for important intellectual content; Krisnawardani Kumbara CIY contributed to analysis of the study, drafting and editing of the paper; Sindhughosa DA contributed to conception of design, analysis of the study, drafting and revision of the article for important intellectual content. All authors approved the final version of the article.
Conflict-of-interest statement: All authors declare that they have no competing interests.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: https://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: I Dewa Nyoman Wibawa, MD, PhD, Professor, Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroentero-hepatology Division, Udayana University, Faculty of Medicine, Jalan PB Sudirman Denpasar, Denpasar 80233, Bali, Indonesia. agusbobwibawa@yahoo.com
Received: December 3, 2022 Peer-review started: December 3, 2022 First decision: December 26, 2022 Revised: February 2, 2023 Accepted: April 11, 2023 Article in press: April 11, 2023 Published online: May 15, 2023
Abstract
Fatty liver disease is defined as liver condition characterized by hepatic steatosis, closely related to pathological conditions in type 2 diabetes and obesity. The high prevalence of fatty liver disease in obese patients with type 2 diabetes reached 70%, reflecting the importance of these conditions with fatty liver. Although the exact pathological mechanism of fatty liver disease, specifically non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) remains not completely revealed, insulin resistance is suggested as the major mechanism that bridged the development of NAFLD. Indeed, loss of the incretin effect leads to insulin resistance. Since incretin is closely related to insulin resistance and the resistance of insulin associated with the development of fatty liver disease, this pathway suggested a potential me-chanism that explains the association between type 2 diabetes and NAFLD. Furthermore, recent studies indicated that NAFLD is associated with impaired glucagon-like peptide-1, resulting in decreased incretin effect. Nevertheless, improving the incretin effect becomes a reasonable approach to manage fatty liver disease. This review elucidates the involvement of incretin in fatty liver disease and recent studies of incretin as the management for fatty liver disease.
Core Tip: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is correlated with various metabolic disorders, including fatty liver. The influence of T2DM on incretin hormones contributed to fatty liver development. Impairment in lipid and glucose metabolism, fat oxidation, oxidative stress, and other effects lead to liver fat deposition. Therefore, drugs targeting the incretin hormones may provide beneficial effects on patients.
