Significance of serum APE1-AAbs, PTX-3, and miR-486-3p in patients with colorectal cancer undergoing radical surgery

Table 1 Primer sequences

Gene	Primer sequence
MiR-486-3p	F: 5’-ATAAATCGGGGCAGCTCAGTA-3’
	R: 5’-TATCCTTGTTCTCGTCTCTGTGTC-3’
U6	F: 5’-TAATGTGCTCGCGGCAGC-3’
	R: 5’-CCAGTGCAGCGTCCGAGG-3’

Table 2 Comparison of clinical data, n (%)

	Occurrence (n = 28)	Non-occurrence (n = 126)	t/χ2	P value
Age, years			6.464	0.011
< 60	13 (46.43)	90 (71.43)
≥ 60	15 (53.57)	36 (28.57)
Gender			0.023	0.877
Male	16 (57.14)	74 (58.73)
Female	12 (42.86)	52 (41.27)
Comorbidities
Hypertension	12 (42.86)	47 (37.30)	0.299	0.584
Hyperlipidemia	11 (39.29)	39 (30.95)	0.726	0.394
Diabetes	8 (28.57)	31 (24.60)	0.190	0.662
BMI (kg/m²)	24.83 ± 1.34	24.56 ± 1.37	0.946	0.345
Tumor growth pattern			0.713	0.398
Infiltrative	23 (82.14)	94 (74.60)
Expansive or others	5 (17.86)	32 (25.40)
Lymph node metastasis			6.086	0.013
Yes	12 (42.86)	26 (20.63)
No	16 (57.14)	100 (79.37)
TNM pathological stage			6.002	0.014
Stages I-II	13 (46.43)	89 (70.63)
Stage III	15 (53.57)	37 (29.37)
Tumor differentiation type			4.757	0.029
Low differentiation	16 (57.14)	44 (34.92)
Moderate-high differentiation	12 (42.86)	82 (65.08)
Vascular invasion			0.151	0.696
Yes	10 (35.71)	50 (39.68)
No	18 (64.29)	76 (60.32)
Nerve invasion			0.119	0.729
Yes	11 (39.29)	54 (42.86)
No	17 (60.71)	72 (57.14)
Tumor location			0.058	0.895
Colon	10 (35.71)	42 (33.33)
Rectum	18 (64.29)	84 (66.67)
Tumor diameter, cm			5.147	0.023
< 5	13 (46.43)	87 (69.05)
≥ 5	15 (53.57)	39 (30.95)
Chemotherapy			0.515	0.472
Yes	20 (71.43)	98 (77.78)
No	8 (28.57)	28 (22.22)
PT (× 109/L)	225.54 ± 29.87	185.96 ± 20.73	8.373	< 0.001
WBC (× 109/L)	5.87 ± 1.72	5.73 ± 1.69	0.395	0.693
CEA (ng/mL)	16.45 ± 4.29	13.06 ± 3.25	4.692	< 0.001
CA19-9 (U/mL)	75.48 ± 7.87	58.31 ± 6.14	12.680	< 0.001

BMI: Body mass index; TNM: Tumor-node-metastasis; PT: Platelet count; WBC: White blood cell count; CEA: Carcinoembryonic antigen; CA19-9: Carbohydrate antigen 19-9.

Table 3 Variable assignment table of multivariate regression analysis

Independent variable	Assignment method
Age, years	< 60 = 0; ≥ 60 = 1
Lymph node metastasis	No = 0; Yes = 1
TNM pathological stage	Stage I-II = 0; Stage III = 1
Tumor differentiation	Moderate-high differentiation = 0; Low differentiation = 1
Tumor diameter, cm	< 5 = 0; ≥ 5 = 1
PT	Original value
CEA	Original value
CA19-9	Original value
APE1-AAbs	Original value
PTX-3	Original value
MiR-486-3p	Original value

TNM: Tumor-node-metastasis; PT: Platelet count; CEA: Carcinoembryonic antigen; CA19-9: Carbohydrate antigen 19-9; APE1-AAbs: Apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 autoantibodies; PTX-3: Peripheral pentraxin-3.

Table 4 Multivariate logistic regression analysis of factors affecting postoperative recurrence and metastasis in colorectal cancer

Factor	β	SE	Wald χ2	P value	OR	95%CI
Lymph node metastasis	1.078	0.364	8.682	< 0.001	2.946	1.294-6.706
Stage III disease	1.269	0.312	16.435	< 0.001	3.539	1.552-8.057
Low differentiation	1.145	0.414	7.654	< 0.001	3.146	1.377-7.151
APE1-AAbs	1.478	0.436	10.178	< 0.001	4.221	1.932-9.756
PTX-3	1.569	0.525	9.083	< 0.001	4.774	2.094-10.863
MiR-486-3p	1.416	0.367	15.456	< 0.001	4.103	1.799-9.328

OR: Odds ratio; CI: Confidence interval; APE1-AAbs: Apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 autoantibodies; PTX-3: Peripheral pentraxin-3.

Table 5 Correlation analysis between APE1-AAbs, PTX-3, and miR-486-3p levels and postoperative recurrence and metastasis of colorectal cancer

Parameter	r	P value
APE1-AAbs	0.642	< 0.001
PTX-3	0.653	< 0.001
MiR-486-3p	0.631	< 0.001

APE1-AAbs: Apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 autoantibodies; PTX-3: Peripheral pentraxin-3.

Table 6 Predictive value of apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 autoantibodies, peripheral pentraxin-3, and miR-486-3p levels alone and their combination for postoperative recurrence and metastasis of colorectal cancer

Indicator	Optimal cut-off value	AUC	95%CI	P value	Sensitivity, %	Specificity, %
APE1-AAbs	7.84 ng/mL	0.764	0.653-0.849	< 0.05	79.65	71.39
PTX-3	8.83 ng/mL	0.783	0.685-0.872	< 0.05	78.72	70.27
MiR-486-3p	8.49	0.806	0.709-0.891	< 0.05	85.69	72.51
Combination		0.875	0.782-0.943	< 0.05	92.84	90.35

AUC: Areas under the curve; CI: Confidence interval; APE1-AAbs: Apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 autoantibodies; PTX-3: Peripheral pentraxin-3.