Prediction of Ki-67 expression in hepatocellular carcinoma with machine learning models based on intratumoral and peritumoral radiomic features

Table 1 Comparison of clinical characteristics between the high Ki-67 expression group and the low Ki-67 expression group, n (%)

Variables	Total (n = 164)	Low Ki-67 (n = 60)	High Ki-67 (n = 104)	P value
Age (year), mean ± SD	59.34 ± 8.47	60.73 ± 9.02	58.53 ± 8.07	0.109
WBC (× 109/L), median (Q1, Q3)	5.30 (3.90, 6.70)	5.04 (3.38, 6.70)	5.45 (4.20, 6.70)	0.342
RBC (× 1012), mean ± SD	4.35 ± 0.62	4.33 ± 0.51	4.37 ± 0.67	0.679
HGB (g/L), median (Q1, Q3)	137.50 (124.75,150.00)	135.50 (125.00,148.00)	140.00 (123.75,150.25)	0.598
PLT (× 109/L), median (Q1, Q3)	155.50 (111.00, 203.25)	145.00 (101.50, 191.75)	157.00 (120.25, 211.50)	0.094
ALT (U/L), median (Q1, Q3)	26.87 (19.12, 40.84)	26.41 (18.96, 37.97)	27.35 (19.62, 47.19)	0.307
AST (U/L), median (Q1, Q3)	26.62 (21.24, 39.60)	26.62 (21.00, 35.19)	26.46 (21.30, 43.30)	0.466
TBIL (μmol/L), median (Q1, Q3)	12.80 (9.65, 16.15)	13.20 (9.98, 16.95)	12.65 (9.25, 15.80)	0.386
DBIL (μmol/L), median (Q1, Q3)	3.70 (2.80, 5.60)	4.05 (3.08, 5.8)	3.60 (2.70, 4.93)	0.138
IBIL (μmol/L), median (Q1, Q3)	8.70 (6.08, 11.38)	9.05 (6.20, 11.20)	8.50 (6.00, 11.78)	0.535
GGT (U/L), median (Q1, Q3)	50.06 (30.19, 99.39)	53.98 (31.40, 111.53)	49.12 (29.25, 93.03)	0.653
AKP (U/L), median (Q1, Q3)	85.01 (69.99, 103.85)	88.06 (71.27, 103.67)	83.460 (67.38, 104.75)	0.478
TBA (μmol/L), median (Q1, Q3)	8.35 (5.00, 14.48)	8.35 (5.00, 18.15)	8.25 (5.15, 12.78)	0.377
PT (second), median (Q1, Q3)	13.50 (12.70, 14.39)	13.80 (13.20, 14.72)	13.30 (12.50, 14.12)	< 0.001
INR (second), median (Q1, Q3)	1.06 (1.00, 1.13)	1.05 (1.02, 1.16)	1.06 (1.00, 1.11)	0.190
APTT (second), median (Q1, Q3)	35.30 (30.35, 38.63)	35.50 (33.38, 38.75)	35.10 (28.98, 38.23)	0.173
FIB (g/L), median (Q1, Q3)	2.82 (2.32, 3.31)	2.89 (2.28, 3.49)	2.76 (2.35, 3.17)	0.725
TT (second), mean ± SD	17.29 ± 1.14	17.40 ± 0.99	17.22 ± 1.21	0.347
AFP (IU/mL), median (Q1, Q3)	22.70 (4.35, 209.33)	9.91 (3.95, 119.80)	44.83 (4.54, 238.39)	0.055
CNLC				0.066
Ia	68 (41.46)	31 (51.67)	37 (35.58)
Ib	63 (38.42)	16 (26.67)	47 (45.19)
IIa	30 (18.29)	12 (20.00)	18 (17.31)
IIb	1 (0.61)	1 (1.67)	0 (0.00)
IIIa	2 (1.22)	0 (0.00)	2 (1.92)
BCLC				0.457
A	131 (79.88)	47 (78.33)	84 (80.77)
B	31 (18.90)	13 (21.67)	18 (17.31)
C	2 (1.22)	0 (0.00)	2 (1.92)
Gender				0.957
Female	27 (16.46)	10 (16.67)	17 (16.35)
Male	137 (83.54)	50 (83.33)	87 (83.65)
Hepatitis B				< 0.001
Negative	45 (27.434)	26 (43.33)	19 (18.27)
Positive	119 (72.56)	34 (56.67)	85 (81.73)
Hepatitis C				0.669
Negative	141 (85.98)	53 (88.33)	88 (84.62)
Positive	23 (14.02)	7 (11.67)	16 (15.39)
Drink				0.977
No	100 (60.98)	36 (60.00)	64 (61.54)
Yes	64 (39.02)	24 (40.00)	40 (38.46)
Smoke				0.324
No	86 (52.44)	35 (58.33)	51 (49.04)
Yes	78 (47.56)	25 (41.67)	53 (50.96)
Cirrhosis				0.007
Absent	110 (67.07)	48 (80.00)	62 (59.62)
Present	54 (32.93)	12 (20.00)	42 (40.38)

Q1: 1^st quartile; Q3: 3^st quartile; WBC: White blood cell; RBC: Red blood cell; HBG: Hemoglobin; PLT: Platelet; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; TBIL: Total bilirubin; DBIL: Directed bilirubin; IBIL: Indirect bilirubin; GGT: Gamma glutamyl transferase; AKP: Alkaline phosphatase; TBA: Total bile acids; PT: Prothrombin time; INR: International normalized ratio; APTT: Activated partial thromboplastin time; FIB: Fibrinogen; TT: Thrombin time; AFP: Alpha fetoprotein; CNLC: China Liver Cancer Staging; BCLC: Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer.