Real-world clinical outcomes, prognostic factors, and safety profile of upadacitinib in patients with inflammatory bowel disease

Figure 1 Kaplan-Meier curve of upadacitinib persistence. The blue line represents patients with ulcerative colitis, and the green line represents patients with Crohn’s disease. Patients with ulcerative colitis achieved significantly higher persistence rates compared to those with Crohn’s disease (P = 0.046). Numbers beside the curves indicate the proportion of persistent patients at the end of follow-up for each group. UC: Ulcerative colitis; CD: Crohn’s disease; CI: Confidence interval.

Figure 2 One-year efficacy outcomes of upadacitinib in patients with ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease. Dark blue bars represent the proportion of patients achieving each outcome, with exact patient numbers indicated at the base of each bar. Patients with ulcerative colitis achieved numerically higher rates compared to patients with Crohn’s disease. A: One-year clinical remission rates; B: One-year corticosteroid-free clinical remission rates; C: Endoscopic remission rates. UC: Ulcerative colitis; CD: Crohn’s disease.

Figure 3 Time distribution of adverse events during treatment with upadacitinib. The horizontal axis represents time in weeks after upadacitinib initiation. The vertical axis categorizes the recorded adverse events (AEs). Each data point denotes an individual event in each AE category, illustrating the onset and frequency of specific side effects recorded throughout the follow-up period. Symbols represent different AE categories. Blue circles: Infections; Blue triangles: Acne; Blue cross marks: Lipid profile alterations; Pink asterisks: Creatine phosphokinase levels elevation; Purple diamonds: Transaminase elevation; Orange plus signs: Other AEs. Other AEs: Hidradenitis suppurativa flare (one patient at week 7); erythema multiforme (one patient at week 13); hair loss - two patients at weeks 14 and 15); skin rash (one patient at week 39); elevated creatinine (one patient at week 44); migraine (one patient at week 56); leukopenia (one patient at week 79).