Carbonated soft drink for gastric preparation for magnetically controlled capsule endoscopy: An open-label randomized controlled trial

Table 1 Demographics and baseline characteristics, n (%)

	C group (n = 126)	W group (n = 126)	P value
Male	74 (58.73)	67 (53.17)	0.374
Age, year	46.90 ± 13.20	47.49 ± 13.32	0.722
BMI, kg/m2	23.28 ± 3.19	23.53 ± 3.75	0.579
Indications			0.713
Health checkup	24 (19.05)	27 (21.43)
Abdominal distention	27 (21.43)	29 (23.02)
Abdominal pain	35 (27.78)	29 (23.02)
Diarrhea	10 (7.94)	8 (6.35)
Acid reflux	7 (5.56)	10 (7.94)
Belching	4 (3.17)	0 (0.00)
Elevated tumor markers	3 (2.38)	5 (3.97)
Vomiting	4 (3.17)	5 (3.97)
Hematochezia	7 (5.56)	6 (4.76)
Others1	5 (3.97)	7 (5.56)
History of abdominal surgery	14 (11.11)	22 (17.46)	0.150
Smoking	29 (23.02)	30 (23.81)	0.882
Drinking	32 (25.40)	23 (18.25)	0.170
Hp infection			0.665
No infection	51 (40.48)	42 (33.33)
Untreated	13 (10.32)	18 (14.29)
Under treatment	6 (4.76)	4 (3.17)
Cured	12 (9.52)	14 (11.11)
Unknown	44 (34.92)	48 (38.10)
Anticoagulation	7 (5.56)	6 (4.76)	0.776
Diabetes	6 (4.76)	6 (4.76)	1.000
Hypertension	16 (12.70)	26 (20.63)	0.091

¹Two cases decreased pepsin, one case abnormal blood routine, one case ileal tumor, and one case irritable bowel syndrome in the carbonated soft drink group; and one case choking sensation, one case anorexia, one case constipation, one case anemia, one case abdominal mass (computed tomography based findings), one case emaciation, and one case bitter taste in the water group.

C group: The carbonated soft drink group; W group: The water group; BMI: Body mass index.

Table 2 Gastric filling score at different time points after capsule entered the stomach, n (%)

	C group (n = 126)	W group (n = 126)	P value
Primary outcome	123 (97.62)	101 (80.16)	< 0.0001
0-5 minutes, median (IQR)	5 (5-5)	4 (4-5)	< 0.0001
5	99 (78.57)	37 (29.37)
4	24 (19.05)	64 (50.79)
3	2 (1.59)	18 (14.29)
2	1 (0.79)	7 (5.56)
5-10 minutes, median (IQR)	5 (4-5)	4 (3-4)	< 0.0001
5	69 (54.76)	17 (13.49)
4	38 (30.16)	56 (44.44)
3	9 (7.14)	39 (30.95)
2	1 (0.79)	11 (8.73)

C group: The carbonated soft drink group; W group: The water group; IQR: Interquartile range.

Table 3 Parameters related to magnetically controlled capsule endoscopy examination and diagnostic yield of focal lesions, n (%)

	C group (n = 126)	W group (n = 126)	P value
GET, minute, mean ± SD	11.70 ± 2.76	11.26 ± 2.84	0.219
GTT, minute, mean ± SD	53.27 ± 53.83	71.12 ± 52.19	0.001
SBTT, hour, mean ± SD	4.84 ± 1.71	5.00 ± 1.82	0.587
Patients with capsule reaching duodenum under magnetic control	43 (34.13)	15 (11.90)	< 0.0001
Patients with liquid for gastric refilling	2 (1.59)	21 (16.67)	< 0.0001
Gastric cleanliness score, median (IQR)
Cardia	4 (4-4)	4 (4-4)	0.451
Fundus	3 (3-3)	3 (3-4)	< 0.0001
Angulus	4 (4-4)	4 (4-4)	0.356
Body	4 (3-4)	4 (3-4)	0.750
Antrum	4 (4-4)	4 (4-4)	0.202
Pylorus	4 (4-4)	4 (4-4)	0.695
Abdominal fullness, mean ± SD	7.85 ± 1.86	7.72 ± 1.70	0.551
Comfortableness, mean ± SD	7.91 ± 2.30	8.40 ± 1.65	0.054
Total satisfaction score, median (IQR)	2 (0-12)	2 (0-10)	0.882
Gastric lesions	24 (19.05)	24 (19.05)	0.331
Polyp	13	15
Ulcer	1	4
Submucosal mass	10	5
Small bowel lesions	10 (7.94)	18 (14.29)	0.102
Polyp	1	0
Ulcer	9	18
Others	3 (2.38)1	1 (0.79)2	0.622
Total	37 (29.37)	43 (34.13)	0.173

¹2 cases of intestinal vascular malformation and 1 case of intestinal lymphangiectasia.

²1 case of gastric diverticulum.

C group: The carbonated soft drink group; W group: The water group; IQR: Interquartile range; GTT: Gastric transit time; GET: Gastric examination time; SBTT: Small bowel transit time.