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Copyright ©The Author(s) 2017.
World J Gastroenterol. Feb 14, 2017; 23(6): 949-956
Published online Feb 14, 2017. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v23.i6.949
Table 1 Summary of retrospective studies on lymphocytic esophagitis
Ref.Number of Patients with Lymphocytic EsophagitisGender Distribution n (%)Mean age1 of patients with LE (yr)Associated conditionsTreatment
Rubio et al[1], 200620Female: 10; Male: 1031.3 Range: (2-28)Crohn’s disease, asthma, liver cirrhosis, Sclerosing cholangitisNot available
Purdy et al[8], 200842Not Available44 Range: (2-81)Allergies (drug and non-drug), Helicobacter pylori gastritis, Crohn’s diseaseNot available
Xue et al[12], 201545 (21 LE-NG) (24 LE-FG)LE-NG: Female: 15; Male: 7 LE-FG: Female: 15; Male: 9LE-NG: 59 ± 12 LE-FG: 65 ± 13Motility abnormalitiesNot available
Putra et al[22], 201610/22 with nutcracker esophagus 7/33 with ineffective motility 5/14 with diffuse esophageal spasmNutcracker esophagus: Female: 11; Male: 11 Ineffective motility: Female: 20; Male: 13 Ineffective motility: Female: 8; Male: 6Nutcracker Esophagus: 54 ± 11 Ineffective motility: 56 ± 14 Diffuse spasm: 62 ± 11Nutcracker esophagus, ineffective motility, diffuse esophageal spasmDiltiazem Proton pump inhibitors Botulinum toxin Peppermint Nitroglycerin sublingual
Kissiedu et al[17], 201633Female: 6; Male: 2767 ± 10Smoking, hyperlipidemia, cryotherapy, radio- frequency ablation, endoscopic mucosal resectionNot available
Pasricha et al[14], 201627Female: 17; Male: 1056 ± 16IBD, GERD, Barrett’s esophagus, achalasia, drug allergy, asthma, eczema, IBS, cancer, tobacco, alcohol, drug useProton pump inhibitors Fluticasone GI cocktail (maalox, donnatal, lidocaine) Prednisone taper
Cohen et al[18], 201281Female: 44; Male: 3751 Range: (19-84)GERD, achalasia, allergies, asthma, eczema, IBD, hypothyroidism, alcohol use, tobacco useProton pump inhibitors Anti-tumor necrosis factor agent
Basseri et al[25], 20134/47 patients with IBDFemale: 23; Male: 2439.3 ± 14.6GERD, asthma, IBD, diabetes mellitus, celiac disease, smoking, alcohol useNot available
Sutton et al[16], 201431Female: 15; Male: 168.9Crohn’s disease, GERD, Infectious/inflammatory disorders, Polyps/neoplasms, Immune disorders, mechanical disorders, functional abdominal painNot available
Ebach et al[15], 2011Crohn’s and LymphocyticEsophagitis: 17 out of 60 patients with Crohn’sCrohn’s disease patients: Female: 17; Male: 43Crohn’s disease patients: 13.3 Range: (4.7-20.7)IBDNot available
Haque et al[7], 2012119Female: 72; Male: 4763 (Median)Helicobacter pylori gastritis, celiac disease, duodenal lymphocytosis, Crohn’s diseaseNot available
Table 2 Summary of case reports on lymphocytic esophagitis
Ref.Age (yr)GenderAssociated conditionsTreatment
Figueiredo et al[20], 201430MaleBehçet’s diseaseEndoscopic dilation
Systemic lupus erythematosusSwallowed fluticasone
Mandaliya et al[24], 201274MaleLymphomaEndoscopic dilation
EsophagitisBotox injections
Zhang et al[23], 201666FemaleOpioid overdoseOmeprazole 40 mg twice daily
Maejima et al[19], 201568MaleFood impactionEndoscopic dilation
Niewiarowski et al[31], 201682FemaleAcute food impactionNot available
Vangimalla et al[26], 201667MaleCommon variable immune deficiencyAcid suppression
Endoscopic dilation
Hendy et al[21], 201335FemaleNot availableTopical steroids (fluticasone)