Co-infection of hepatitis B and hepatitis C virus in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients in New York City, United States

Table 1 Epidemiological demographic characteristics of HIV, HIV/HBV, HIV/HCV and HIV/HBV/HCV n (%)

	HIV	HIV/HBV	HIV/HCV	HIV/HBV/HCV
Number of patients and prevalence	3887 (68.93)	252 (4.47)	1411 (25.02)	89 (1.58)
Mean age (yr)	45.0	44.2	50.4	47.8
Gender
Female	1266 (32.6)	48 (19.0)	392 (27.8)	13 (14.6)
Male	2583 (66.5)	203 (80.6)	1005 (71.2)	75 (84.3)
Male->Female or Female->Male	38 (1.0)	1 (0.4)	14 (1.0)	1 (1.1)
Ethnic group
White	551 (14.2)	34 (13.5)	203 (14.4)	16 (18.0)
Hispanic	1267 (32.6)	44 (17.5)	553 (39.2)	34 (38.2)
African American	1951 (50.2)	169 (67.1)	630 (44.6)	39 (43.8)
Other	118 (3.0)	5 (2.0)	25 (1.8)	0 (0.0)
Risk factor of HIV acquisition
Hetero	1683 (43.3)	90 (35.7)	285 (20.2)	9 (10.1)
MSM	1233 (31.7)	117 (46.4)	148 (10.5)	17 (19.1)
Hetero and MSM	38 (1.0)	3 (1.2)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)
IDU	407 (10.5)	6 (2.4)	702 (49.8)	38 (42.7)
IDU and hetero	90 (2.3)	3 (1.2)	165 (11.7)	13 (14.6)
IDU and MSM	24 (0.6)	3 (1.2)	57 (4.0)	5 (5.6)
IDU and hetero and MSM	6 (0.2)	0 (0.0)	1 (0.1)	0 (0.0)
Transfusion	36 (0.9)	3 (1.2)	21 (1.5)	0 (0.0)
Perinatal	101 (2.6)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)
Other	31 (0.8)	1 (0.4)	0 (0.0)	1 (1.1)
Unknown	238 (6.1)	26 (10.3)	32 (2.3)	6 (6.7)

Data are number (%) of patients, unless otherwise indicated. Hetero, heterosexual; Other, including sexually abused, transfusion, needle stick injury.

Table 2 Multiple logistic regression analysis of factors associated with HIV/HBV, HIV/HCV, and HIV/HBV/HCV co-infection

	HIV/HBV		HIV/HCV		HIV/HBV/HCV
Characteristics	OR (95% CI)	P	OR (95% CI)	P	OR (95% CI)	P
Gender
Female (Ref)
Male	1.711 (1.179-2.482)	0.005	1.241 (1.052-1.464)	0.011	2.156 (1.159-4.011)	0.015
Male->Female or Female->Male	0.399 (0.053-3.020)	0.374	1.978 (0.939-4.167)	0.073	2.091 (0.250-17.529)	0.496
Ethnic group
White (Ref)
Hispanic	0.766 (0.480-1.222)	0.263	0.956 (0.761-1.201)	0.699	0.915 (0.492-1.702)	0.779
Black	2.091 (1.404-3.114)	< 0.001	0.788 0.631-0.984)	0.036	0.851 (0.464-1.561)	0.602
Other	0.811 (0.309-2.125)	0.670	0.827 (0.493-1.388)	0.473	0.000 (0.000- . )	0.996
Risk factor of HIV aquisition
Hetero (Ref)
MSM	1.747 (1.247-2.448)	0.001	0.565 (0.446-0.715)	< 0.001	1.798 (0.763-4.238)	0.180
Hetero and MSM	1.371 (0.408-4.606)	0.610	0.000 (0.000- . )	0.998	0.000 (0.000- . )	0.998
IDU	0.114 (0.049-0.262)	< 0.001	8.956 (7.502-10.693)	< 0.001	6.345 (3.015-13.351)	< 0.001
IDU and hetero	0.247 (0.077-0.789)	0.018	9.106 (6.905-12.007)	< 0.001	9.731 (4.082-23.196)	< 0.001
IDU and MSM	0.714 (0.217-2.344)	0.578	9.179 (5.767-14.609)	< 0.001	9.228 (2.897-29.391)	< 0.001
IDU and hetero and MSM	0.000 (0.000- . )	0.999	0.900 (0.107-7.550)	0.923	0.000 (0.000- . )	0.999
Transfusion	1.161 (0.354-3.807)	0.806	3.224 (1.866-5.572)	< 0.001	0.000 (0.000- . )	0.998
Perinatal	0.000 (0.000- . )	0.996	0.000 (0.000- . )	0.996	0.000 (0.000- . )	0.997
Other	0.594 (0.080-4.437)	0.612	0.000 (0.000- . )	0.998	5.857 (0.715-47.994)	0.100
Unknown	1.984 (1.249-3.153)	0.004	0.703 (0.476-1.039)	0.077	4.219 (1.478-12.044)	0.007