Gynura root induces hepatic veno-occlusive disease: A case report and review of the literature

Table 1 Clinical characteristics of patients with Gynura root-related HVOD

Reference	Sex	Age(yr)	Reason for useof gynura root	duration	Total gynura(gram)	Total bilirubin(nl range4)	Special testsof HVOD	Therapy forHVOD	Outcome
Hou JG, 1980[4]	M	57	Coronary heart disease	About 10 d	450	Normal	Autopsy	Symptomatic	Died 5-d after admission
	F	48	Diabetes	About 50 d	1800	4.5 mg%	Ultrasound, liver scan, autopsy	Symptomatic	Died
Li JP 2001[5]	M	53	No detail	No detail	No detail	53.1 μmol/L (0-20.4)	Ultrasound, MRI, Biopsy	In situ liver transplantation	Well
Li ZM, 2005[6]	M	43	Back ache	20 d	150	No report	Ultrasound MRI, DSA, Biopsy	Methylprednisolone 40 mg IV q 12 h	Well
Chen WX, 2005[7]	M	52	After a fall	4 mo	3601	27 μmol/L (0-20.4)	Ultrasound, CT, Biopsy	In situ liver transplantation	Well 45-d after operation
	F	39	Trauma	3 mo	1802	25 μmol/L (0-20.4)	Ultrasound CT, Biopsy	Symptomatic treatment	Discharged without improvement
Yan Hong 2005[8]	M	29	nephrolith	20 d	200	No report	Ultrasound, CT, DSA, Biopsy	Prednisone	Well
Our case	F	62	Neck pain	3 mo	1803	17 μmol/L (0-20.4)	Ultrasound, CT, DSA, Biopsy, ceMRA	Mesocaval shunt	Well 2-mo later
Zhang GH 2006[9]	M6, F8	41-73	Trauma or fracture	5 d (mean)	300-700	Elevated in 12 cases	All had ultrasound, CT; 4 cases biopsy; 2 cases DSA	Low molecular weight heparin, aspirin and diuretics	Well

¹Calculated from author’s data of 3 gm/d for four months;

²Calculated from author’s data of 2 gm/d for three months;

³Estimated from patient’s description of 3 slices a day for three months;

⁴nl range: abbreviation of normal level range.