Serum metabolomic characteristics and their predictive value for ninety-day prognosis in patients with acute-on-chronic liver failure

Figure 1 Principal component analysis, orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis, and variable importance in projection distribution between the groups. A: Volcano plot of metabolite distribution, where each point represents one metabolite; B: Principal component analysis of metabolite distribution, where each point represents one sample; C: Orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis of metabolite distribution, where each point represents one sample; D: Variable importance in projection diagram from orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis (variable importance in projection > 1 indicates significant variables); E: Venn diagram of differential metabolites, showing seven shared metabolites from univariate and multivariate analyses (death vs survival groups). Ala: Alanine; Arg: Arginine; Pro: Proline; C18:1: Oleic acid; IIe: Isoleucine; Leu: Leucine; Val: Valine; Gly: Glycine; CDCA: Chenodeoxycholic acid; Thr: Threonine; Asp: Aspartate; Ser: Serine; Lys: Lysine; Tyr: Tyrosine; Glu: Glutamate; Gln: Glutamine.

Figure 2 Logistic regression forest plot and receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. A: Logistic regression forest plot, where the reference line (odds ratio = 1) indicates no statistical significance. B: Receiver operating characteristic curve areas under the curve for the model for end-stage liver disease, model for end-stage liver disease with sodium, and age-neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio-Arg models predicting 90-day mortality in 58 patients with acute-on-chronic liver failure; C: Receiver operating characteristic curve areas under the curve of the age-neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio-arginine for predicting 90-day mortality in hepatitis B virus-acute-on-chronic liver failure and alcohol-related acute-on-chronic liver failure patients. NLR: Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio; PLT: Platelet; BUN: Blood urea nitrogen; ANA: Age-neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio-arginine; HBV: Hepatitis B virus; AUC: Area under curve; Ala: Alanine; Arg: Arginine; Pro: Proline; C18:1: Oleic acid; ROC: Receiver operating characteristic; MELD: Model for end-stage liver disease; MELD-Na: Model for end-stage liver disease with sodium; ACLF: Acute-on-chronic liver failure.