Cell division cyclin 25C knockdown inhibits hepatocellular carcinoma development by inducing endoplasmic reticulum stress

Figure 1 Cell division cyclin 25C down-regulated expression in Hepa1-6 and B16 cells. A: The green fluorescent protein expression in Hepa1-6 and B16 cells was observed at a magnification of × 200; B: The CDC25C expression in Hepa1-6 and B16 cells was detected using western blotting, with GAPDH serving as the internal control; C: The relative expression of CDC25C was assessed at the transcriptional level using quantitative real-time PCR. The data represents the mean ± SD of three independent experiments. ^cP < 0.001. CDC25C: Cell division cyclin 25C.

Figure 2 Cell division cyclin 25C knockdown inhibited proliferation and migration in Hepa1-6 and B16 cells. A and B: The proliferation of Hepa1-6 and B16 cells was measured using a Cell Counting Kit-8 assay, with the results reported as optical density 450 nm; C: The migration ability of Hepa1-6 and B16 cells was evaluated using a wound healing assay at × 100 magnification. The data are presented as means. ^aP < 0.05, ^bP < 0.01, ^cP < 0.001. OD: Optical density.

Figure 3 Cell division cyclin 25C knockdown inhibited hepatocellular carcinoma growth in xenograft mouse model. A: The growth curve of xenograft mice was plotted based on body weight measurements; B: The volume and weight of tumor tissues were measured at 20 d post-xenografting; C: The CDC25C protein expression was detected using western blotting, with GAPDH as the internal control. ^cP < 0.001. CDC25C: Cell division cyclin 25C.

Figure 4 Cell division cyclin 25C knockdown induced endoplasmic reticulum stress and activated endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced apoptosis in Hepa1-6 cells and the corresponding xenograft tumors. A and B: The expression of GRP78, XBP-1/s, CHOP, Caspase 9, and Caspase 3 in Hepa1-6 cells and the corresponding xenograft tumor tissues was analyzed at both the transcriptional and translational levels; C and D: The apoptosis rate of Hepa1-6 cells was assessed using flow cytometric analysis. The data represents the mean ± SD of three independent experiments. ^aP < 0.05, ^bP < 0.01, ^cP < 0.001. CDC25C: Cell division cyclin 25C; GRP78: Glucose-regulated protein 78; XBP-1: X-box binding protein-1; XBP-1s: Splicing of X-box binding protein-1; CHOP: C/EBP homologous protein.