Basic Study
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2019. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
World J Gastroenterol. Aug 14, 2019; 25(30): 4213-4221
Published online Aug 14, 2019. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v25.i30.4213
Novel magnetic compression technique for establishment of a canine model of tracheoesophageal fistula
Yi Gao, Rong-Qian Wu, Yi Lv, Xiao-Peng Yan
Yi Gao, Yi Lv, Xiao-Peng Yan, Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, Shannxi Province, China
Yi Gao, Rong-Qian Wu, Yi Lv, Xiao-Peng Yan, National Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Surgery and Regenerative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, Shannxi Province, China
Author contributions: Yan XP and Lv Y designed the study; Gao Y and Yan XP performed the research and acquired the data; Gao Y and Yan XP analyzed the data; Yan XP, Gao Y, and Wu RQ drafted the manuscript; Gao Y, Wu RQ, Lv Y, and Yan XP contributed significantly to the revision of the manuscript.
Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 81700545; the Natural Science Basic Research Plan of Shaanxi Province of China, No. 2017JQ8021; and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, No. xjj2018jchz14.
Institutional review board statement: This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University.
Institutional animal care and use committee statement: All procedures involving animals were reviewed and approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University.
Conflict-of-interest statement: The authors declare no conflict of interests.
Data sharing statement: No additional data are available.
ARRIVE guidelines statement: The ARRIVE Guidelines have been adopted.
Open-Access: This is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Xiao-Peng Yan, PhD, Doctor, Surgeon, Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, No. 277, West Yanta Road, Xi’an 710061, Shannxi Province, China. yanxiaopeng99@163.com
Telephone: +86-29-82657541
Received: April 8, 2019
Peer-review started: April 8, 2019
First decision: May 30, 2019
Revised: July 4, 2019
Accepted: July 5, 2019
Article in press: July 5, 2019
Published online: August 14, 2019
Abstract
BACKGROUND

Clinically, tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF) is lack of effective surgical strategies. One reason is due to the lack of appropriate animal models of acquired TEF, which is usually complex and difficult. Recently, the magnetic compression technique has been applied for digestive tract anastomosis or vascular anastomosis in animals. In this study, an animal model of TEF in dogs was developed by using the magnetic compression technique, hoping to provide a new method for mimicking TEF.

AIM

To establish a TEF model in dogs by using the magnetic compression technique.

METHODS

Six male beagles were used as models with two Nd-Fe-B permanent magnets for TEF. The parent magnet and the daughter magnet were placed in the cervical esophagus and trachea, respectively. The anterior wall of the esophagus and the posterior wall of the trachea were compressed when the two magnets coupled. After 4-6 d, the necrotic tissue between the two magnets fell off and the parent and daughter magnets disengaged from the target location, leaving a fistula. Gastroscopy/bronchoscopy, upper gastrointestinal contrast study, and histological analysis were performed.

RESULTS

The establishment of the TEF model in all six beagles was successful. The average time of magnet placement was 4.33 ± 1.11 min (range, 3-7 min). Mean time for the magnets to disengage from the target location was 4.67 ± 0.75 d (range, 4-6 d). TEFs were observed by gastroscopy/bronchoscopy and esophageal angiography. The gross anatomical structure of the esophagus and the trachea was in good condition. There was no esophageal mucosa or pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium at the site of the fistula according to histological analysis.

CONCLUSION

It is simple, feasible, and minimally invasive to use the magnetic compression technique for the establishment of the TEF model in dogs.

Keywords: Magnetic compression technique, Tracheoesophageal fistula, Beagle, Animal model

Core tip: The magnetic compression technique (MCT) is usually used clinically for anastomosis. We propose a novel application for the MCT in establishing a canine model of tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF). This is the first study to apply the MCT in the development of a disease model. Findings showed that it is simple, feasible, and minimally invasive to use magnetic compression technique for the establishment of the TEF model in dogs. It can be used to study the pathophysiological changes of TEF and to provide a good and stable model for exploring the advantages and disadvantages of various surgical methods.