Published online Nov 21, 2014. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i43.16372
Revised: July 7, 2014
Accepted: August 13, 2014
Published online: November 21, 2014
Hepatic actinomycosis is rare, with few published cases. There are no characteristic clinical manifestations, and computed tomography (CT) shows mainly low-density images, making clinical diagnosis difficult, and leading to frequent misdiagnosis as primary liver cancer, metastatic liver cancer or liver abscess. Diagnosis normally requires examination of both the aetiology and pathology. This article reports one male patient aged 55 who was hospitalized because of repeated upper abdominal pain for more than 2 mo. He exhibited no chills, fever or yellow staining of the skin and sclera, and examination revealed no positive signs. The routine blood results were: haemoglobin 110 g/L, normal numbers of leukocytes and neutral leukocytes, serum albumin 32 g/L, negative serum hepatitis B markers and hepatitis C antibodies, normal tumour markers (alpha-fetoprotein and carcinoembryonic antigen). An abdominal CT scan revealed an 11.2 cm × 5.8 cm × 7.4 cm mass with an unclear edge in the left liver lobe. The patient was diagnosed as having primary liver cancer, and left lobe resection was performed. The postoperative pathological examination found multifocal actinomycetes in the hepatic parenchyma, which was accompanied by chronic suppurative inflammation. A focal abscess had formed, and large doses of sodium penicillin were administered postoperatively as anti-infective therapy. This article also reviews 32 cases reported in the English literature, with the aim of determining the clinical features and treatment characteristics of this disease, and providing a reference for its diagnosis and treatment.
Core tip: Actinomycetes are Gram-positive anaerobic bacteria. Hepatic actinomycosis is very rare, with no specific clinical manifestations or imaging features. The clinical diagnosis of hepatic actinomycosis is difficult, and the rate of misdiagnosis is high. It is often misdiagnosed as malignant liver tumour. This paper reports one case of recently diagnosed and treated hepatic actinomycosis, and reviews 32 previously confirmed hepatic actinomycosis cases. The clinical characteristics and diagnosis of hepatic actinomycosis are analysed, providing a reference for the diagnosis and treatment of this disease.