Establishment and validation of a nomogram to predict the risk of ovarian metastasis in gastric cancer: Based on a large cohort

Table 1 Clinical characteristics of female patients with gastric cancer based on a large cohort

Characteristics	Total cohort, n = 1696	Ovarian metastasis, n = 83, (%)	Non-ovarian metastasis, n = 1613, (%)	P value
Age (yr)				< 0.001
≤ 50	544	55 (66.3)	489 (30.3)
> 50	1152	28 (33.7)	1124 (69.7)
ECOG score				0.090
0-1	1490	68 (81.9)	1422 (88.2)
2-5	206	15 (18.1)	191 (11.8)
Pregnancy history				0.100
≤ 2	711	42 (50.6)	669 (41.5)
> 2	985	41 (49.4)	944 (58.5)
Gastric tumor location				0.124
Upper	249	12 (14.5)	237 (14.7)
Middle	821	34 (41.0)	787 (48.8)
Lower	411	29 (34.9)	382 (23.7)
Two or more	215	8 (9.6)	207 (12.8)
Borrmann type1				0.304
Polypoid	177	8 (9.6)	169 (11.8)
Ulcer localized	538	24 (29.0)	514 (35.9)
Ulcer infiltrating	591	35 (42.2)	556 (38.9)
Diffuse infiltration	207	16 (19.3)	191 (13.4)
Lauren type12				< T0.001
Intestinal	619	14 (21.2)	605 (44.7)
Diffuse	599	34 (51.5)	565 (41.7)
Mixed	202	18 (27.3)	184 (13.6)
Primary lesion containing signet-ring cells1				< 0.001
No	1449	48 (57.8)	1401 (86.9)
Yes	247	35 (42.2)	212 (13.1)
Vascular tumor emboli1				0.035
No	1054	36 (57.1)	1018 (69.7)
Yes	470	27 (42.9)	443 (30.3)
T stage13				< 0.001
T1a	37	1 (1.3)	36 (2.4)
T1b	137	3 (3.8)	134 (8.8)
T2	389	10 (12.7)	379 (25.0)
T3	416	13 (16.4)	403 (26.5)
T4a	452	37 (46.8)	415 (27.2)
T4b	168	15 (19.0)	153 (10.1)
N stage14				< 0.001
N0	249	1 (1.3)	248 (16.3)
N1	432	12 (15.2)	420 (27.6)
N2	534	18 (22.8)	516 (34.0)
N3a	266	32 (40.5)	234 (15.4)
N3b	118	16 (20.2)	102 (6.7)
ER expression1				< 0.001
Negative	1233	46 (55.4)	1187 (80.6)
Positive	323	37 (44.6)	286 (19.4)
PR expression1				< 0.001
Negative	939	55 (66.3)	884 (82.8)
Positive	211	28 (33.7)	183 (17.2)
HER-2 expression1				0.463
Negative	1406	74 (89.2)	1332 (91.5)
Positive	133	9 (10.8)	124 (8.5)
Serum CEA1				0.120
≤ 5 ng/mL	903	54 (65.1)	849 (56.4)
> 5 ng/mL	686	29 (34.9)	657 (43.6)
Serum CA1251				< 0.001
≤ 35 U/mL	1090	30 (36.1)	1060 (73.4)
> 35 U/mL	437	53 (63.9)	384 (26.6)
Serum CA19-91				0.321
≤ 37 U/mL	1116	61 (73.5)	1055 (78.1)
> 37 U/mL	317	22 (26.5)	295 (21.9)
Serum CA72-41				0.252
≤ 10 U/mL	1179	69 (83.1)	1110 (87.5)
> 10 U/mL	173	14 (16.9)	159 (12.5)
NLR				0.001
≤ 2.16	1230	47 (56.6)	1183 (73.3)
> 2.16	466	36 (43.4)	430 (26.7)

¹Some clinical variables are not available.

²Subsequent analysis is grouped into intestinal type and non-intestinal type.

³Subsequent analysis is grouped into > T3 and ≤ T3.

⁴Subsequent analysis is grouped into > N2 and ≤ N2; CA125: Carbohydrate antigen 125; ER: Estrogen receptor; PR: Progesterone receptor; NLR: Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio.

Table 2 Multivariate logistic regression analysis of associated factors in the development of ovarian metastasis

Characteristics	OR	95%CI	P value
Age (yr, > 50/≤ 50)	0.207	0.107-0.398	< 0.001
T stage (> T3/≤ T3)	1.333	0.668-2.659	0.415
N stage (> N2/≤ N2)	2.745	1.377-5.470	0.004
Lauren type (non-intestinal/intestinal)	3.449	1.654-7.191	0.001
Primary lesion containing signet-ring cells (yes/no)	3.334	1.653-6.727	0.001
Vascular tumor emboli (yes/no)	1.762	0.932-3.329	0.081
ER expression (positive/negative)	2.716	1.366-5.400	0.004
PR expression (positive/negative)	1.195	0.562-2.541	0.644
Serum CA125 (U/mL, > 35/≤ 35)	4.568	2.447-8.527	< 0.001
NLR (> 2.16/≤ 2.16)	1.949	1.021-3.718	0.043

ER: Estrogen receptor; PR: Progesterone receptor; NLR: Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio; CA125: Carbohydrate antigen 125; CI: Confidence interval.