Progress of intravoxel incoherent motion diffusion-weighted imaging in liver diseases

Table 1 Summary of hepatic fibrosis intravoxel incoherent motion diffusion-weighted imaging studies

Ref.	Subject number	Key findings
Chen et al[45]	50	The ADC, Dslow, Dfast, and FF values of liver fibrosis stages between the groups F0-1 and F2-4, and the groups F0-2 and F3-4 showed significant differences. As the stage of fibrosis increased, the values decreased
Hu et al[40]	57	Significant differences in D, f, D* and ADC values were found between stages (stages F0–F4). Inverse correlations were identified between fibrosis stages and D, f, D*, and ADC values
Ichikawa et al[41]	129	D*, f and ADC values decreased with fibrosis stage
Wu et al[43]	49	Liver fibrosis exhibited significant correlations with Dfast and fvalues. Dfast values in the F4 group were significantly lower than those in the F0, F1 and F2 groups
Hu et al[39]	56	The mean, interquartile (IQ) range, and percentiles (50th, 75th and 90th) of D* maps were significantly different between the F0–1, F2–3 and F4 groups
Huang et al[48]	42	IVIM diffusion MRI has high diagnostic performance in detecting viral hepatitis B-induced liver fibrosis
Liang et al[49]	30	The D value decreased as the fibrosis level increased
Franca et al[50]	74	ADC and f values were lower with higher fibrosis stages

ADC: Apparent diffusion coefficient; IVIM: Intravoxel incoherent motion; MRI: Magnetic resonance imaging.

Table 2 Summary of hepatic nodules intravoxel incoherent motion diffusion-weighted imaging studies

Ref.	Subject number	Key findings
Luo et al[53]	27	ADCtotal, D, and D* values of HCC were lower than those of focal nodular hyperplasia
Luo et al[54]	75	ADCtotal, D, and f values of malignant lesions were lower than those of benign lesions
Klauss et al[55]	72	D and ADC values of HCC were lower than those of focal nodular hyperplasia
Yoon et al[56]	157	True diffusion and ADCtotal of malignancies were lower than those of benign malignant lesions
Watanabe et al[57]	120	D and ADC values were lower in the malignant group than in the benign group
Ichikawa et al[58]	84	D and D* values of malignant lesions were lower than those of benign lesions
Doblas et al[59]	86	The apparent and pure diffusion coefficients were lower in malignant than in benign tumors
Penner et al[60]	61	ROC analysis demonstrated the best discriminability between HCCs and focal nodular hyperplasia for ADCslow and f values
Zhu et al[61]	39	ADCtotal and D values of malignancies were lower than those of hemangioma

ADC: Apparent diffusion coefficient; HCC: Hepatocellular carcinoma.