Epidemiology, management, and economic evaluation of screening of gallstone disease among type 2 diabetics: A systematic review

Table 1 Prevalence of gallstone disease in various populations

Ref.	Study year	Screened number	Setting	Prevalence ofgallstone disease	Associated factors
Elmehdaw et al[8]	2009	327	Benghazi, Libya	DM: 9.75% Non-DM: 17.5%	Age, obesity
Pradhan et al[28]	2009	80	Nepal		Non-vegetarian
Acalovschi et al[29]	2009	1332	Romania	19% with chronic hepatitis C; 17% controls	Abdominal obesity, steatosis
Khan et al[30]	2009	9175 (5050 males, 4125 females)	England	Male fell from 20.2% to 19.1%, females fell from 30.4% to 29.0%	Diabetes, not for CHD, BMI to females, elderly
Friedrich et al[31]	2009	9206 (5559 from Danish, 3647 of German)	Denmark, Northeast Germany		Higher BMI, unfavorable lipid levels, higher prevalence of diabetes
Walcher et al[32]	2010	2147	Germany	8%	Protective effect: alcohol consumption
Ruhl et al[33]	2011	14228	United States	7.10%	Cardiovascular disease, cancer
Al-Bayati et al[34]	2012	200	Iraqi	33% of diabetics, 17% of non-diabetics	BMI > 25 kg/m2, increased duration of DM, increased HbA1C, multiparous females
Jiang et al[35]	2013	1270	Shanghai, China	CAD (+): 19.5% CAD (-): 11.3%	CAD
Agunloye et al[10]	2013	400	Ibadan, Nigeria	17.5%	Age, BMI, DM, duration of the disease
Yilmaz et al[36]	2014	441	Turkey	12.2%	Age, BMI, Gender, metabolic syndrome
Shen et al[37]	2014	6511	Taiwan	13.2%	Age, Gender, metabolic syndrome
Ibitoye et al[38]	2014	1283	Nigerian	2.9%

BMI: Body mass index; CHD: Coronary heart disease.

Table 2 Incidence of gallstone disease in various populations

Ref.	Study year	Screened number	Setting	Incidence of gallstone	Associated factors
Festi et al[2]	2008	9611	Italy	0.67% (0.66% in males, 0.81% in females)	Risk factors: In men: increasing age, high BMI, history of diabetes, peptic ulcer and angina, and low cholesterol and high triglyceride levels; In females: increasing age and high BMI Predictors: In men: increasing age and pain in the right hypochondrium In females: increasing age
Halldestam et al[39]	2009	621	Sweden	1.39 per 100 person-years	Length of follow-up and LDL-cholesterol levels Inversely: alcohol consumption
Jonas et al[40]	2010	8901	Sweden	Surgical group: 122.2/10000 person-years controls: 22.2/10000 person-years	After antiobesity surgery (A fivefold increased risk)
Liu et al[25]	2012	108850 (60734 diabetic patients and 48116 control patients)	Taiwan	0.632% per year	Risk factor: increased age Associated: high body mass index, elevated fasting plasma glucose levels, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Chen et al[1]	2014	1296	Taiwan	0.632%	High body mass index, elevated fasting plasma glucose levels, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Heida et al[41]	2014	288	Dutch	5.9%	BMI

BMI: Body mass index; LDL: Low density lipoprotein.