Efficacy and safety of propofol target-controlled infusion combined with butorphanol for sedated colonoscopy

Table 1 Demographic and clinical characteristics of patients in the different groups

Groups	n	Age (yr)	Gender (M/F)	BMI (kg/m2)	ASA (I/II)	Operation time (min)
Group C	38	55.9 ± 4.3	18/20	21.8 ± 1.4	26/12	12 (10-14)
Group B1	36	56.9 ± 4.2	17/19	21.3 ± 1.4	24/12	11 (10-12)
Group B2	32	56.6 ± 4.8	15/17	21.2 ± 1.3	21/11	11 (10-12)
P value		0.591	0.999	0.200	0.969	0.218

M: Male; F: Female; BMI: Body mass index; ASA: American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status Classification.

Table 2 Comparison of median effective concentration, dose for anesthesia, and awakening concentration of propofol among the different groups

Groups	n	EC50 (μg/mL)	95%CI (μg/mL)	Amount of propofol necessary for anesthesia (mg)	Awakening concentration of propofol (μg/mL)
Group C	38	4.05	3.78-4.34	151.0 (142.0-160.5)	1.200 (0.975-1.300)
Group B1	36	3.411	3.20-3.62	142 (135-154)1,3	1.200 (1.025-1.500)3
Group B2	32	3.031,2	2.83-3.23	132.00 (125.00-144.75)1,2	1.1 (0.9-1.2)2

¹P < 0.05 vs the control group (group C).

²P < 0.05 vs group B1.

³P < 0.05 vs group B2.

Awakening concentration of propofol was defined as the effect-site concentration of propofol in association with eye opening in response to verbal command. CI: Confidence interval; EC50: Effective concentration

Table 3 Comparison of mean arterial pressure and heart rate among the different groups

	Groups	T0	T1	T2	T3
MAP (mmHg)	Group C	90.4 ± 6.1	73.4 ± 6.11	77.0 ± 5.81	88.6 ± 5.4
	Group B1	89.4 ± 5.4	81.7 ± 4.1	85.3 ± 4.0	88.3 ± 3.8
	Group B2	89.5 ± 5.1	78.3 ± 5.02	82.4 ± 4.22	88.5 ± 4.1
HR (bpm)	Group C	81.8 ± 8.8	68.8 ± 7.21	72.1 ± 6.9	79.9 ± 6.0
	Group B1	80.3 ± 9.0	73.2 ± 8.5	74.9 ± 8.0	78.3 ± 6.2
	Group B2	81.9 ± 9.3	74.7 ± 9.8	76.2 ± 8.2	80.1 ± 6.1

¹P < 0.05 vs groups B1 and B2.

²P < 0.05 vs group B1.

T0, prior to anesthesia; T1, immediately after losing consciousness in response to induction of anesthesia; T2, the colonoscope reached the ileocecal; T3, consciousness regained. MAP: Mean arterial pressure; HR: Heart rate; bpm: Beats per minute.

Table 4 Comparison of frequency of adverse events in perianesthesia among the different groups

Groups	n	Hypoxemia	Sinus bradycardia	Hypotension	Nausea, vomiting	Vertigo
Group C	38	5 (13.2%)	1 (2.6%)	1 (2.6%)	2 (5.3%)	4 (10.5%)
Group B1	36	2 (5.6%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	1 (2.8%)	3 (8.3%)
Group B2	32	3 (9.4%)	2 (6.3%)	0 (0%)	2 (6.3%)	3 (9.4%)