Pancreatic paraganglioma with multiple lymph node metastases found by spectral computed tomography: A case report and review of the literature

Table 1 Four cases of malignant pancreatic paraganglioma reported in the literature

Ref.	Year	Age	Sex	Siez (cm)	Location	CT or MRI manifestations	Function	Treatment	Metastasis	Draining vessels
Higa et al[5]	2012	65	F	2.0	Head	CT: A mass with mixed attenuation and areas of enhancement	No	PD	Lymph node	NE
AI-Jiffry et al[6]	2013	19	F	9.0 × 5.0 × 9.5	Head	CT: A mass showed peripheral enhancement with a relatively central hypodense pattern andabundant vascularity	Yes	PD	Lymph node	Present
Zhang et al[7]	2014	50	F	6.0	Head	CT: A solid well-vascularized tumor, with multiple liver metastases	Yes	Operation halted	Liver	NE
Jiang et al[8]	2021	41	M	4.1 × 4.2	Body	CT: A solid, heterogeneous soft tissue dense tumor, with marked enhancement during the arterial phase and the venous phase	No	DP	Lymph node	Present
Present case	2022	26	F	8.0 × 5.0 × 4.0	Body-tail	CT: A highly vascular and poor-defined mass, with remarkable enhancement in the arterial phase, a low-intensity lesion on T1-weighted images and a high-intensity lesion on T2-weighted images	No	CP	Lymph node	Present

M: Male; F: Female; NE: Not evaluable; PD: Pancreaticoduodenectomy; DP: Distal pancreatectomy; CP: Central pancreatectomy; MRI: Magnetic resonance imaging; CT: Computed tomography.