Perioperative and long-term results of ultrasonography-guided single- and multiple-tract percutaneous nephrolithotomy for staghorn calculi

Table 1 Preoperative characteristics of study participants, n (%)

Parameters	S-PCNL (n = 186)	M-PCNL (n = 159)	P value
Age (yr, mean ± SD)	48.91 ± 11.40	49.88 ± 10.75	0.419
Male	77 (41.39)	69 (43.39)	0.708
BMI (kg/m2, mean ± SD)	24.47 ± 2.94	25.79 ± 2.73	< 0.001
Position of renal calculus
Upper calyx	62 (33.33)	58 (36.47)	0.67
Middle calyx	59 (31.72)	53 (33.33)
Inferior calyx	64 (34.40)	48 (30.18)
Bacteriuria	59 (31.89)	84 (52.83)	< 0.001
Hydronephrosis
G 0-I	11 (5.94)	16 (10.06)	0.15
G II-III	2 (1.08)	4 (2.51)	0.30
Side of renal calculus (Left)	82 (44.32)	64 (40.25)	0.47
Stone size (cm2, mean ± SD)	6.27 ± 2.57	8.80 ± 2.09	< 0.001

S-PNCL: Standard percutaneous nephrolithotomy; M-PNCL: Multi-tract percutaneous nephrolithotomy; BMI: Body mass index.