Development of a biliary multi-hole self-expandable metallic stent for bile tract diseases: A case report

Figure 1 Multi-hole self-expandable metallic stent. A: With lasso (small-hole type); B: Large-hole type.

Figure 2 Computerized tomography images. A: A large metastasis in the right liver lobe; B: Intrahepatic biliary dilation.

Figure 3 Cholangiography via a direct peroral cholangioscope. A, B: The right bile duct was visualized by contrast material through the stent openings; C: After cholangiography, the metallic mesh was not found buried in tissue but fixed to the bile duct wall.

Figure 4 Cholangiography of a multi-hole self-expandable metallic stent and ablation therapy. A: The left bile duct was visualized by contrast material through the stent openings; B: Ablation therapy by monopolar catheter and endoscopic retrograde cholangiography.