Effect of clonidine on the cutaneous silent period during spinal anesthesia

Figure 1 Differences in duration of (A) silent cutaneous period and (B) latency of silent cutaneous period regarding the test groups (levobupivacaine - clonidine or levobupivacaine group) and the times of measurements (preoperatively, at the time point when the Bromage scale was 0, 6 h and 24 h after intrathecal administration of the solutions) according to the analysis of a variance for repeated measurements. Error bars represent mean values (95%CI). CSP: Cutaneous silent period; Preop: Preoperatively.

Figure 2 The differences in the dynamics of (A) heart rate (beats per min) and (B) mean arterial pressure (mmHg) between the test groups (levobupivacaine - clonidine or levobupivacaine group) and the times (min) of the measurement before and after intrathecal administration of the solutions according to the analysis of a variance for repeated measures (0 indicates the initial values before performing subarachnoid block). Error bars represent mean values (95%CI). HR: Heart rate; MAP: Mean arterial pressure.

Figure 3 Differences in pain intensity using VAS (0-10; VAS 0 = no pain; VAS 10 = maximal pain) regarding the test groups (levobupivacaine - clonidine group or levobupivacaine group) and the times (min) of the measurements according to the analysis of a variance for repeated measures (0 indicates the initial values immediately prior to performing subarachnoid block). Error bars represent mean values (95%CI). VAS: Visual analogue scale.