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©The Author(s) 2021. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
World J Clin Cases. Mar 16, 2021; 9(8): 2008-2014
Published online Mar 16, 2021. doi: 10.12998/wjcc.v9.i8.2008
Published online Mar 16, 2021. doi: 10.12998/wjcc.v9.i8.2008
Systemic lupus erythematosus combined with primary hyperfibrinolysis and protein C and protein S deficiency: A case report
Yi-Xuan Liao, Yan-Fei Guo, Yu-Xia Wang, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology; Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
Ai-Hua Liu, Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology; Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
Chun-Li Zhang, Department of Hematology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology; Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
Author contributions: Guo YF designed the outline of the paper, reviewed and revised the manuscript; Liao YX reviewed the literature and contributed to manuscript drafting; Wang YX reviewed the literature and revised the manuscript; Liu AH performed the autoimmune diseases consultation, reviewed the literature and followed up the patient; Zhang CL performed the hematological diseases consultation and reviewed the literature; all authors issued final approval for the version to be submitted.
Informed consent statement: Informed written consent was obtained from the patient for publication of this report and any accompanying images.
Conflict-of-interest statement: The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.
CARE Checklist (2016) statement: The authors have read the CARE Checklist (2016), and the manuscript was prepared and revised according to the CARE Checklist (2016).
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Yan-Fei Guo, MD, Chief Doctor, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Hospital, No. 1 Dahua Road, Dongdan, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100730, China. yanfeiguo2003@126.com
Received: December 4, 2020
Peer-review started: December 4, 2020
First decision: December 30, 2020
Revised: January 12, 2021
Accepted: January 27, 2021
Article in press: January 27, 2021
Published online: March 16, 2021
Peer-review started: December 4, 2020
First decision: December 30, 2020
Revised: January 12, 2021
Accepted: January 27, 2021
Article in press: January 27, 2021
Published online: March 16, 2021
Core Tip
Core Tip: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) with both protein C (PC) and protein S (PS) deficiency, and primary hyperfibrinolysis has not been reported in previous literature. We report a patient with SLE presenting with pleural effusion who was found to have both primary hyperfibrinolysis and PC and PS deficiency. The balance between the prevention of thrombosis and hemorrhage should be considered.