Basic Study
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2017. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
World J Clin Cases. Dec 16, 2017; 5(12): 407-411
Published online Dec 16, 2017. doi: 10.12998/wjcc.v5.i12.407
Reliability of Sawai’s classification for dental cervical abrasions: A pilot study
Madhuri A Sawai, Anika Daing, Fazala Adeel, Sakshi Chawla
Madhuri A Sawai, Anika Daing, Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Jamia Millia Islamia University, New Delhi 110025, India
Fazala Adeel, Sakshi Chawla, Jamia Millia Islamia University, New Delhi 110025, India
Author contributions: Sawai M contributed to the conception and design of the study; Sawai M, Adeel F and Chawla S contributed to the acquisition and analysis of data; Daing A contributed in the interpretation of the data; Sawai M wrote the paper; all authors made critical revisions related to the manuscript and approved the final version of the article to be published.
Institutional review board statement: As this study did not involve any diagnostic or treatment procedure on the patient, it did not require any institutional ethical clearance.
Informed consent statement: This study involved the use of photographs of patients’ dentition only. Patients who voluntarily agreed to allow their dental photographs to be taken were included in the study. Their informed consent was obtained.
Conflict-of-interest statement: All the authors declare that there is no conflict of interest.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article which was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Correspondence to: Madhuri A Sawai, BDS, MDS, Associate Professor, Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Jamia Millia Islamia University, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India. msawai@jmi.ac.in
Telephone: +99-1-1484802
Received: May 17, 2017
Peer-review started: May 23, 2017
First decision: July 3, 2017
Revised: November 11, 2017
Accepted: November 22, 2017
Article in press: November 22, 2017
Published online: December 16, 2017
Abstract
AIM

To test the reliability of the Sawai’s classification for dental cervical abrasions.

METHODS

Intraoral photographs of 70 teeth from 23 patients with tooth abrasions were taken by the first examiner MS. The teeth were marked and the photos were maintained in a soft copy sequentially. Two other examiners FA and SC were trained in the use of the classification and any clarifications needed were provided at the beginning of the study. Each examiner was then given the soft copy of the complied photographs and was asked to classify the dental cervical abrasion according to their understanding of the Sawai’s classification. They were given sheets to write their responses for every marked tooth. All the examiners were blinded to each other’s observations which were then tested for inter-rater agreement among the three examiners.

RESULTS

The 70 teeth with tooth abrasions from 23 patients were examined by 3 investigators (MS, FA and SC) to test the reliability of the Sawai’s classification system for tooth abrasion. Each examiner marked their responses in separate sheets which were blinded to each other. The kappa statistics were performed for inter-rater agreement among the three examiners. The level of agreement was evaluated according to the six-level nomenclature given by Landis and Koch. ICC and 95%CI between two examiners, i.e., the inter-rater agreement among 1st examiner (MS) and 2nd examiner (FA) was 0.89. The inter-rater agreement among 1st examiner (MS) and 3rd examiner (SC) was 0.89. And the inter-rater agreement among 2nd examiner (FA) and 3rd examiner (SC) was 0.83. All the three comparisons show an almost perfect agreement between them.

CONCLUSION

There is an almost perfect agreement between multiple observers for classifying dental cervical abrasions using Sawai’s classification. Hence, this classification is reliable.

Keywords: Tooth abrasion, Classification, Diagnosis, Tooth wear, Dental education, Diagnostic techniques and procedures

Core tip: Currently, an ideal index for tooth abrasion is lacking. The available indices are either too time consuming or complicated. Hence, an easy and least time-consuming classification was proposed. The present study evaluates the reliability of the Sawai’s classification. In this study, out of three observers, two were students of dentistry (undergoing internship). The study shows that there was almost perfect agreement amongst the observers in classifying the tooth abrasions. Also, it was noted that the classification was easy to understand and use and least time consuming. So the authors suggest that this classification can be effectively used in daily dental practice.